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Effect of CdO ratios on the structural and optical properties of CdO–TiO2 nanocomposite thin films

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Abstract

Nanocomposite CdO–TiO2 thin films have been successfully synthesized via sol–gel and spin coating techniques. The physical properties of the prepared thin films were studied by varying the Cd:Ti ratio (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The structural characterization has been performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical transmission and reflectivity of the obtained films have been studied by UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that the amount of Cd into the TiO2 matrix can significantly affect the properties of TiO2 thin films; the XRD analysis revealed the appearance of new diffraction planes by increasing the of Cd:Ti ratios, a fact that was also confirmed by the Raman spectra. Effects of incorporated Cd amounts on the crystal phase, crystallite size, surface morphology were investigated. The results showed that most of Cd2+ substituted Ti4+ in the crystal lattice of TiO2 and led to the appearance of the CdTiO3 phase for thin films at a relatively low temperature, which inhibited the growth of crystallite size and suppressed the transformation from anatase to rutile of TiO2 at 450 °C. Moreover, formation of different binary and ternary nanocomposite films are justified by varying the Cd:Ti ratios. The optical analysis revealed a high transparency in the visible region, strongly affected by the different Cd:Ti ratios. Incorporated CdO initially increased the bandgap for low values of the Cd:Ti ratio, followed by a bandgap decrease for the highest one.

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Acknowledgments

Part of this work has been performed in the Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-Univ. Seville), Seville ES-41092, Spain and financed by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Des Nanomatériaux Et Des Systèmes Pour Les Energies Renouvelables, Centre de Recherche Et Des Technologies de L’Energie, Technopole de Borj-Cédria, BP 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie

    K. Sahbeni & W. Dimassi

  2. Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisie

    K. Sahbeni

  3. Ecole Supérieure Des Sciences et Technologies du Design, Université de La Manouba, P5, Den Den, Tunisie

    M. Jlassi

  4. Laboratoire de Semi-conducteurs, Nano-structure et Technologie Avancée, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies de l’Energie, Technopole de Borj-Cédria, BP 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie

    M. Jlassi

  5. Nanoenergy for Sustainable Development in Africa (NESDAF),Material Research Department, iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, 722, Somerset West, Cape Town, 7129, South Africa

    S. Khamlich

  6. Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48Vasileos Konstantinou Ave, 11635, Athens, Greece

    M. Kandyla & M. Kompitsas

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  1. K. Sahbeni
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Sahbeni, K., Jlassi, M., Khamlich, S. et al. Effect of CdO ratios on the structural and optical properties of CdO–TiO2 nanocomposite thin films. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 3387–3396 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-02887-w

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