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Structural analyses of polyaniline–titanium oxide composite for acetone detection

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Abstract

This study characterized the performance of polyaniline–titanium oxide (PANI–TiO2) composite to assess its use as potential acetone detector in semiconductor gas sensor. Aniline (ANI), which refers to a monomer, has been used for in situ chemical polymerization to produce polyaniline (PANI) and titanium oxide (TiO2) composite. PANI was varied in composition of 20, 30, and 40 wt% loading with TiO2. Inclusion of PANI in composite is meant to detect acetone at various concentrations (100–500 ppm) at selected operating temperatures (27, 35, 45, 55, and 65 °C). The results signified that the best structure of PANI loading in TiO2 is at 30 wt% due to the molecular structure for gas sensor. The sensitivity of PANI–TiO2 composite pellet for various acetone vapor concentrations had been optimum at 300 ppm with 7.9% sensitivity. The optimum operating temperature was 45 °C with 10.12% sensitivity. Structural characterizations via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller were conducted to correlate with the sensor sensing performance. Indeed, the 30 wt% of PANI–TiO2 composite has the potential to detect 300 ppm of acetone and displayed exceptional agreement with outcomes retrieved at 45 °C detection temperature.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by USM Fellowship; and Dana Modal Insan Grant, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [Grant No.: MI-2019-002].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Raihana Bahru & Mohd Ambri Mohamed

  2. Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri & Abd Halim Shamsuddin

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  1. Raihana Bahru
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  2. Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri
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  3. Abd Halim Shamsuddin
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  4. Mohd Ambri Mohamed
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Correspondence to Raihana Bahru.

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Bahru, R., Zamri, M.F.M.A., Shamsuddin, A.H. et al. Structural analyses of polyaniline–titanium oxide composite for acetone detection. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 1574–1584 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02674-2

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