Abstract
Pure and Mn-doped Cu2O (Cu2−x MnxO; x = 0–3 mM) thin films were deposited over a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate by using electrodeposition along with CuSO4 and MnSO4 as sources. An enhancement of Mn doping on structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of the Cu2O films was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the deposited films are cubic crystal in structure with predominant orientation along (111) the direction. The crystallite size increases from 29.03 to 39.40 nm with an increase in Mn concentration. Morphological studies show that the grain size of the films increase with an increase in Mn doping concentration and the peculiar morphology of plate shape is obtained at 3 mM Mn doping. From the AFM analysis, the surface roughness of the films increases with an increase in Mn concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of manganese (Mn2+) as a dopant in the host Cu2O thin films. Optical studies show that the absorbance and band gap of the films increase with an increase in Mn concentrations. Magnetic measurement study indicates that the pure and the minimum doped (0.75, 1.5 mM) Cu2O films show diamagnetic behavior and Mn doping level increases to maximum (2.25, 3 mM) exhibiting a good ferromagnetic behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.A. Mousavi, M. Hassanpour, M.S. Nisari, H.S. Hojaghan, DY2O3/CuO nano composites microwave assisted synthesis and investigated photocatalytic properties. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29, 1238–1245 (2018)
Y.L. Liu, S. Harrinton, K.A. Yates, M. Wei, Epitaxial ferromagnetic Cu2−xMnxO films on (001) Si by near room temperature electrodeposition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 222108–222211 (2005)
P.P. Murmu, J. Kennedy, G.V.M. Williams, B.J. Ruck, Observation of magnetism, low resistivity and magneto resistance in the near-surface region of Gd implanted ZnO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 082408 (2012)
E. Liu, P. Xiao, J.S. Chen, Ni-doped ZnO thin films for the diluted magnetic semiconductor material. Curr. Appl. Phys. 8, 408–411 (2008)
A. Stowell, E. Sanders, Synthesis and characterization of dilute magnetic semiconductor manganese-doped indium arsenide nanocrystals. J. Nano. Lett. 10, 1441–1447 (2003)
M. Lohar, R.K. Kamble, S.T. Punde, Electrochemical synthesis of Ni-doped ZnSe thin film for photo electrochemical cell application. J. Mater. Focus. 5, 481–484 (2016)
C. Brandt, A. Tumelero, J. Douglas, Enhanced defect- mediated ferromagnetism in Cu2O by Co doping. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 441, 374–386 (2017)
P.K. Pagare, A.P. Torane, Electrodeposition and characterization of pH transformed Cu2O thin films for electrochemical sensor. J. Mater. Sci: Mater Electrons. 28(2), 1386–1392 (2016)
K.P. Ganesan, G. Sivakumar, N. Anandhan, T. Marimuthu, R. Panneerselvam, Influence of bath temperatures on physical and electrical properties of potentiostatically deposited Cu2O thin films for heterojunction solar cell applications. J. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50, 281–295 (2019)
D. Snoke, Spontaneous Bose coherence of excitons and polaritons. Science 298, 1368–1372 (2002)
M. Wei, N. Broddors, D. Zhi, P.A. Midgley, Room temperature ferromagnetism in bulk Mn doped Cu2O. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 0725514 (2005)
J.K. Furdyne, Diluted magnetic semiconductors. J. Appl. Phys. 64(4), R29–R64 (1998)
Y. Zhang, L. Pan, H. Zhu, H. Qiu, Fabrication and characterization of Mn-doped Cu2O thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320, 3303–3306 (2008)
M. Ivill, M.E. Overberg, C.R. Abernathy, D.P. Norton, Properties of Mn-doped Cu2O semiconductivity thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. Solid State Electron. 47, 2215–2220 (2003)
L. Pan, H. Zhu, C. Fan, W. Wang, Mn-doped Cu2O thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 10D318–10D320 (2005)
S.H. Lee, S.J. Yun, J.W. Lim, The characteristics of Cu2O thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering method with nitrogen ambient. J. ETRI 35(6), 1156–1159 (2013)
D. Osorio-Rivera, G. Torred-Delgado, J. Marquez-Marin, Cuprous oxide thin films obtained by spray-pyrolysis technique. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29, 851–857 (2018)
D.S.C. Halin, I.A. Talib, A.R. Daud, Characterization of cuprous oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coatings technique with different additive for photoelectrochemical solar cell. J. Photoenergy 2014, 1–6 (2014)
A. Chen, H. Long, X. Li, Y. Li, G. Yang, P. Lu, Controlled growth and characteristics of single-phase Cu2O and CuO films by pulsed laser deposition. Vaccum 83, 927–935 (2009)
S. Eisermann, A. Kronen Berger, A. Laufer, Copper oxide thin films by chemical vapor, synthesis, characterization, and properties. J. Phys. Status Solidi (a) 209(3), 531–536 (2012)
A. Karapetyan, A. Reymers, S. Giorgio, C. Fauquet, L. Sajti, Cuprous oxide thin films prepared by thermal oxidation of copper layer, morphological and optical properties. J. Luminescence 159, 325–332 (2015)
K.P. Ganesan, N. Anandhan, T. Marimuthu, R. Panneerselvam, Effect of deposition potential on the synthesis, structural, morphological and photoconductivity response of Cu2O thin films by electrodeposition technique. J. Acta. Metall. Sin. 5, 1–10 (2019)
Y. Giilen, F. Bayansal, B. Sahin, H.A. Cetinkara, Fabrication and characterization of Mn-doped CuO thin films by the sillar method. J. Ceram. Int. 39, 6475–6480 (2013)
H. Shaban, S.A. Gad, B.A. Mansour, S.H. Mousafa, The influence of substrate temperature and thickness on optical and electrical conductivity CuIn(Se0.25S0.75)2. J. Inorg. Org. Met. Polym. Mater. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01267-0
A.T. Ravichandran, K. Dhanabalan, K. Ravichandran, R. Mohan, Tuning the structural and optical properties of SILAR-deposited Cu2O films through Zn doping. Acta Metall. Sin. 28(8), 1041–1046 (2015)
K.P. Ganesan, N. Anandhan, V. Dharuman, R. Pannerselvam, T. Marimuthu, Electrochemically modified crystal orientation, surface morphology and optical properties using CTAB on Cu2O thin films. Result Phys. 7, 82–86 (2017)
M. Hasspour, M.S. Niasari, S.A. Mousari, S.A. Mousavl, CeO2/ZnO ceramic nanocomposites synthesized Via microwave method and used for decolorization of dye. J. Nanostruct. 8(1), 97–106 (2018)
S. Suwanboon, P. Amornpitoksule, A. Sukolrat, Dependence of optical properties on doping metal crystallite size and defect concentration of M-doped ZnO nanopowders (M = Al, Mg, Ti). J. Ceram. Int. 37, 1359–1365 (2011)
K. Dhanabalan, A.T. Ravichandran, K. Ravichandran, S. Valanarasu, Effect of co-doped material on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Cu2O thin films by electrodeposition method. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28(5), 4431–4439 (2016)
B. Radha, R. Rathi, K.C. Lalithambika, K. Ravichandran, Effect of Fe doping on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nano particles: experimental and theoretical investigations. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 24, 13474–13482 (2018)
O. Messaoudi, I.B. Assaker, M. Gnnouni, A. Soulssi, Structural morphological and electrical characteristic of electrodeposited Cu2O: effect of deposition time. Appl. Surf. Sci. 366, 383–388 (2016)
M.S. Arani, M.S. Niasari, A facile and realiable route to prepare of lead sulphate nanostructure in the presence of a new sulfur source. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 26, 1518–1524 (2015)
H.S. Hojaghan, O. Amiri, M. Hassanpour, M.P. Kalameui, M.S. Niasari, S, N, Co-doped grapheme quantum dots-induced ascorbic acid fluorescent sensor: design characterization and performance. Food Chem. 295, 530–536 (2019)
M. Izaki, S. Sasaki, F.B. Mohamed, T. Shinagawa, T. Ohta, Effect of preparation temperature on optical and electrical characterizations (111) oriented Cu2O films electrodeposited on (111)—Au film. Thin Solid Films 520, 1779–1783 (2012)
M. Izaki, S. Watase, H. Takahashi, Low-temperature electrodeposition of room temperature ultraviolet-light emitting ZnO. J. Appl. Phys. 15, 2000–2002 (2003)
K.P. Ganesan, N. Anandhan, A. AmaliRoselin, R. Thangamuthu, T. Marimuthu, R. Panneerselvam, Tuning the magnetic properties of electrochemically deposited Cu2O thin films by Fe incorporation. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30, 15482–15492 (2019)
F. Amano, T. Ebina, B. Ohtani, Enhancement of photochromic stability of copper (I) oxide electrodes by surface etching treatment. Thin Solid Films 550, 340–346 (2014)
O. Messaoudi, H. Mahlleouf, A. Souissi, I. Benassaker, Correlation between optical and structural properties of copper oxides electrodeposited on ITO glass. J. Alloys. Compd. 611, 142–148 (2014)
G. Elfadill, M.R. Hashin, M. Chahrour, The influence of Cu2O crystal structure on the Cu2O/ZnO heterojunction photovoltaic performance. J. Superlatt. Microstruct. 85, 908–917 (2015)
Y.K. Hsu, C.H. Yu, Y.C. Chen, Fabrication of coral-like Cu2O nanoelectrode for solar hydrogen generation. J. Power Sources 242, 541–547 (2013)
W.E. Mahmoud, A.A. Al-Ghamdi, F.A. Al-Agel, E. Al-Arfaj, Structure and properties of the Mn-doped CeO2 thin films grown on La AlO3 (001) Via a modified sol-gel spin coating technique. J. Alloys Compd. 640, 122–127 (2015)
J. Antony, Y. Qiang, M. Faheem, D. Meyer, D.E. Mocready, Ferromagnetic semiconductors nanocluster: co-doped Cu2O. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 0131061–0131063 (2007)
M. Hasspour, M.S. Niasari, S.A. Hossesini Tafreshi, Synthesis and characterization and antibacterial activities of Ni/ZnO nano composites using bis (salicyladehyde) complex precursor. J. Alloys Compd. 788, 383–390 (2019)
S.P. Meena, R. Ashok Kumar, E. Ranjith Kumar, Effects of Cr doping concentrations on structural, morphology mechanical, and magnetic properties of electroplated NiCoCr thin films. J. Org. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 29, 1094–1099 (2019)
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the funding and support from the RUSA-Phase 2.0 Grant sanctioned vide Letter. No. F. 24-51/2014-U, Policy (TNMulti-Gen), Department of Education, Govt. of India. Dt. 09.10.2018.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ganesan, K.P., Anandhan, N., Gopu, G. et al. An enhancement of ferromagnetic, structural, morphological, and optical properties of Mn-doped Cu2O thin films by an electrodeposition technique. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 19524–19535 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02318-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02318-5