Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anomalous Hall effect in CoxSi1−x granular films deposited by magnetron co-sputtering

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this research, CoxSi1−x granular films with Co volume fraction (x) varying from 0.36 to 1 were prepared by using a magnetron co-sputtering method. The influence of x on the temperature-dependent longitudinal resistivity (\({\rho _{xx}}\)) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in CoxSi1−x granular films were systematically studied. The dependence of \({\rho _{xx}}\) on measuring temperature could be explained by the superposition of fluctuation-induced tunneling (FIT) process and temperature-dependent scattering. Interestingly, the contribution from scattering and FIT can be distinguished. The saturated Hall resistivity (\(\rho _{{xy}}^{A}\)) increased monotonically with decreasing x. In addition, the \(\rho _{{xy}}^{A}\) amplified nearly 26-fold as x decreased from 1 to 0.4. For the pure Co film (x = 1), the intrinsic and side jump mechanisms dominated the Hall transport. However, the deviation of classical scaling relation was observed in other samples, which was mainly ascribed to the influence of interfacial scattering.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. He, L. Ma, Z. Shi, G.Y. Guo, J.G. Zheng, Y. Xin, S.M. Zhou, Chemical composition tuning of the anomalous Hall effect in isoelectronic L10FePd1−xPtx alloy films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(6), 066402 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. N. Nagaosa, J. Sinova, S. Onoda, A.H. MacDonald, N.P. Ong, Anomalous Hall effect. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1539 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.Q. Zhang, N.Y. Sun, R. Shan, J.W. Zhang, S.M. Zhou, Z. Shi, G.Y. Guo, Anomalous Hall effect in epitaxial permalloy thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 114(16), 163714 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S.S. Das, M.S. Kumar, Enhancement of anomalous Hall effect in Si/Fe multilayers. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 46(37), 375003 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y.M. Lu, J.W. Cai, H.Y. Pan, L. Sun, Ultrasensitive anomalous Hall effect in SiO2/Fe–Pt/SiO2 sandwich structure films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(2), 022404 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Karplus, J.M. Luttinger, Hall effect in ferromagnetics. Phys. Rev. 95(5), 1154 (1954)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y.G. Yao, L. Kleinman, A.H. MacDonald, J. Sinova, T. Jungwirth, D.S. Wang, E. Wang, Q. Niu, First principles calculation of anomalous Hall conductivity in ferromagnetic bcc Fe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(3), 037204 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Feng, G. Wu, Y. Wang, Synthesis, preparation and mechanical property of wood fiber-reinforced poly (vinyl chloride) composites. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 17(6), 3859–3863 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Berger, Side-jump mechanism for the Hall effect of ferromagnets. Phys. Rev. B. 2(11), 4559 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Smit, The spontaneous Hall effect in ferromagnetics I. Physica 21(6–10), 877 (1955)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Feng, G. Wu, C. Pan, The behavior of acid treating carbon fiber and the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of phenolic resin matrix composites. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 17(6), 3786–3791 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Smit, The spontaneous Hall effect in ferromagnetics II. Physica. 24(1–5), 39 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. Xiong, G. Xiao, J.Q. Wang, J.Q. Xiao, J.S. Jiang, C.L. Chien, Extraordinary Hall effect and giant magnetoresistance in the granular Co–Ag system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69(22), 3220 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S.N. Song, C. Sellers, J.B. Ketterson, Anomalous Hall effect in (110) Fe/(110) Cr multilayers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 59(4), 479 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Z.B. Guo, W.B. Mi, R.O. Aboljadayel, B. Zhang, Q. Zhang, P.G. Barba, A. Manchon, X.X. Zhang, Effects of surface and interface scattering on anomalous Hall effect in Co/Pd multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 86(10), 104433 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. W.J. Xu, B. Zhang, Q.X. Wang, W.B. Mi, Z. Wang, W. Li, R.H. Yu, X.X. Zhang, Scaling of the anomalous Hall current in Fe100–x(SiO2)x films. Phys. Rev. B 83(20), 205311 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Wu, H. Wu, K. Wang, Facile synthesis and application of multi-shelled SnO 2 hollow spheres in lithium ion battery. RSC Adv. 6(63), 58069–58076 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A.B. Pakhomov, X. Yan, B. Zhao, Giant Hall effect in percolating ferromagnetic granular metal-insulator films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 67(23), 3497 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Brouers, A. Granovsky, A. Sarychev, A. Kalitsov, The influence of boundary scattering on transport phenomena in ferromagnetic metal-dielectric nanocomposites. Phys. A. 241(1–2), 284 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S.A. Crooker, E.S. Garlid, A.N. Chantis, D.L. Smith, K.S.M. Reddy, Q.O. Hu, T. Kondo, C.J. Palmstrom, P.A. Crowell, Bias-controlled sensitivity of ferromagnet/semiconductor electrical spin detectors. Phys. Rev. B 80(4), 041305 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J.P. Bonnelle, J. Grimblot, A.J. D’huysser, Influence de la polarisation des liaisons sur les spectres esca des oxydes de cobalt. J Electron Spectrosc. 7(2), 151 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A.B. Mandale, S.K. Badrinarayanan, A.P.B. Sinha, Photoelectron-spectroscopic study of nickel, manganese and cobalt selenides. J Electron Spectrosc 33(1), 61 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. B.J. Tan, K.J. Klabunde, P.M.A.J. Sherwood, XPS studies of solvated metal atom dispersed (SMAD) catalysts. Evidence for layered cobalt-manganese particles on alumina and silica. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113(3), 855 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Tabata, S. Fujii, Y. Suzuoki, T. Mizutani, M.J. Ieda, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SixC1–x: H) prepared by the plasma CVD method. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 23(3), 316 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. W.A.M. Aarnik., A. Weishaupt, A.V. Silfout, Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and a modified Levenberg-Marquardt fit procedure: a new combination for modeling thin layers. Appl. Surf. Sci. 45(1), 37 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. M.P. Delplancke, J.M. Powers, G.J. Vandentop, M. Salmeron, G.A. Somorjai, Preparation and characterization of amorphous SiC: H thin films. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 9(3), 450 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Saliman, M. Delfino, Removal of native silicon oxide with low-energy argon ions. J. Appl. Phys. 70(7), 3970 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Q.F. Zhang, L.S. Wang, X.Z. Wang, H.F. Zheng, X. Liu, J. Xie, Y.L. Qiu, Y.Z. Chen, D.L. Peng, Electrical transport properties in Co nanocluster-assembled granular film. J. Appl. Phys. 121(10), 103901 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. P. Sheng, E.K. Sichel, J.I. Gittleman, Fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction in carbon-polyvinylchloride composites. Phys. Rev. Lett. 40(18), 1197 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. P. Sheng, Fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction in disordered materials. Phys. Rev. B. 21(6), 2180 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Y.H. Lin, S.P. Chiu, J.J. Lin, Thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction through metal nanowire contacts. Nanotechnology. 19(36), 365201 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. D.Z. Hou, Y.F. Li, D.H. Wei, D. Tian, L. Wu, X.F. Jin, The anomalous Hall effect in epitaxial face-centered-cubic cobalt films. J Phys-Condens Mat. 24(48), 482001 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Q.F. Zhang, X.Z. Wang, L.S. Wang, H.F. Zheng, L. Lin, J. Xie, X. Liu, Y.L. Qiu, Y.Z. Chen, D.L. Peng, Size-dependent electrical transport properties in Co nanocluster-assembled granular films. Sci Rep-UK. 7(1), 11666 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51571167, 51771157 and 51371154), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA020604).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China

    A. M. Su, L. S. Wang, Q. F. Zhang, J. Xie, Q. Luo & D. L. Peng

Authors
  1. A. M. Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. S. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Q. F. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Q. Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. L. Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to L. S. Wang or D. L. Peng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Su, A.M., Wang, L.S., Zhang, Q.F. et al. Anomalous Hall effect in CoxSi1−x granular films deposited by magnetron co-sputtering. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 9814–9820 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9021-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9021-4

Search

Navigation