Abstract
Sucrose derived carbon coated silicon nanowires (SDCC-SiNWs) were prepared by drop casting of sucrose derived carbon (SDC) slurries and used as active electrode material for supercapacitors. It was observed that the SDC particles were coated over SiNWs. The results obtained by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements of SDCC-SiNWs showed superior capacitive performance compared to just SDC based supercapacitors. SDCC-SiNWs has a significantly higher areal capacitance of 3.3 mF/cm2 as compared to that of bare SiNWs (96 µF/cm2) or SDC based electrode (817 µF/cm2).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Korenblit, M. Rose, E. Kockrick, L. Borchardt, A. Kvit, S. Kaskel, G. Yushin, High-rate electrochemical capacitors based on ordered mesoporous silicon carbide-derived carbon. ACS Nano 4, 1337–1344 (2010)
M.V. Kiamahalleh, S.H.S. Zein, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes based nanocomposites for supercapacitors a review of electrode materials. Brief. Rep. Rev. 7, 1230002 (2012)
J.J. Yoo, K. Balakrishnan, J. Huang, V. Meunier, B.G. Sumpter, A. Srivastava, M. Conway, A.L.M. Reddy, J. Yu, R. Vajtai, P.M. Ajayan, Ultrathin planar graphene supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 11, 1423–1427 (2011)
R.J. Mo, Y. Zhao, M. Wu, H.M. Xiao, S. Kuga, Y. Huang, J.P. Lia, S.Y. Fu, Activated carbon from nitrogen rich watermelon rind for high-performance supercapacitors. RSC Adv. 6, 59333–59342 (2016)
K. Krishnamoorthy, S. Thangavel, J.C. Veetil, N. Raju, G. Venugopal, S.J. Kim, Graphdiyne nanostructures as a new electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 3, 1–7 (2015)
Q. Chen, Y. Zhao, X. Huang, N. Chen, L. Qu, Three-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride functionalized graphene-based high-performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 6761–6766 (2015)
M. Pumera, Z. Sofer, A. Ambrosi, Layered transition metal dichalcogenides for electrochemical energy generation and storage. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 8981–8987 (2014)
D. Er, J. Li, M. Naguib, Y. Gogotsi, V.B. Shenoy, Ti3C2 MXene as a high capacity electrode material for metal (Li, Na, K, Ca) ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 11173–11179 (2014)
J. Feng, X. Sun, C. Wu, L. Peng, C. Lin, S. Hu, Metallic few-layered VS2 ultrathin nanosheets: high two-dimensional conductivity for in-plane supercapacitors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 17832–17838 (2011)
X. Rui, H. Tan, Q. Yan, Nanostructured metal sulfides for energy storage. Nanoscale 6, 9889–9924 (2014)
K. Krishnamoorthy, S. Thangavel, J.C. Veetil, N. Raju, G. Venugopal, S.J. Kim, Mechanically delaminated few layered MoS2 nanosheets based high performance wire type solid-state symmetric supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 321, 112–119 (2016)
J.W. Choi, J.M. Donough, S. Jeong, J.S. Yoo, C.K. Chan, Y. Cui, Stepwise nanopore evolution in one-dimensional nanostructures. Nano Lett. 10, 1409–1413 (2010)
J.P. Alper, S. Wang, F. Rossi, G. Salviati, N. Yiu, C. Carraro, R. Maboudian, Selective ultrathin carbon sheath on porous silicon nanowires: materials for extremely high energy density planar micro-supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 14, 1843–1847 (2014)
P. Huang, M. Heon, D. Pech, M. Brunet, P.-L. Taberna, Y. Gogotsi, S. Lofland, J.D. Hettinger, P. Simon, Micro-supercapacitors from carbide derived carbon (CDC) films on silicon chips. J. Power Sources 225, 240–244 (2013)
J.P. Alper, M. Vincent, C. Carraro, R. Maboudian, Silicon carbide coated silicon nanowires as robust electrode material for aqueous micro-supercapacitor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 163901 (2012)
L. Oakes, A. Westover, J.W. Mares, S. Chatterjee, W.R. Erwin, R. Bardhan, S.M. Weiss, C.L. Pint, Surface engineered porous silicon for stable, high performance electrochemical supercapacitors. Sci. Rep. 3, 3020 (2013)
D. Aradilla, D. Gaboriau, G. Bidan, P. Gentile, D.M. Boniface, D. Dubal, P. Gomez-Romero, J. Imberg, T.J.S. Schubert, S. Sadki, An innovative 3-D nanoforest heterostructure made of polypyrrole coated silicon nanotrees for new high performance hybrid microsupercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 13978–13985 (2015)
D. Aradilla, G. Bidan, P. Gentile, P. Weathers, F. Thissandier, V. Ruiz, P. Gomez-Romero, T.J.S. Schubert, H. Sahin, Sadki, Novel hybrid micro-supercapacitor based on conducting polymercoated silicon nanowires for electrochemical energy storage. RSC Adv. 4, 26462–26467 (2014)
D.P. Dubal, D. Aradilla, G. Bidan, P. Gentile, T.J. Schubert, J. Wimberg, S. Sadki, P. Gomez-Romero, 3D hierarchical assembly of ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes on silicon nanowires for high performance micro-supercapacitors in Li-doped ionic liquid. Sci. Rep. 5, 9771 (2015)
L. Gu, Y. Wang, R. Lu, W. Wang, X. Peng, J. Sha, Silicon carbide nanowires@Ni(OH)2 core-shell structures on carbon. J. Power Sources 273, 479–485 (2015)
E. Frackowiak, F. Beguin, Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors. Carbon 39, 937–950 (2001)
G. Pandolfo, A.F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 157, 11–27 (2006)
R. Kumar, V. More, S. Monthy, S. Sankar, S. Mallick, P. Bhargava, A simple route to making counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using sucrose as carbon precursor. J. Coll. Interface Sci. 459, 146–150 (2015)
A. Soam, N. Arya, A. Kumbhar, R. Dusane, Controlling the shell microstructure in a low-temperature-grown SiNWs and correlating it to the performance of the SiNWs-based micro-supercapacitor. Appl. Nanosci. 6, 1–7 (2016)
R. Alcantara, F.J. Fernandez Madrigal, P. Lavela, C.P. Vicente, J.L. Tirado, Tin oxalate as a precursor of tin dioxide and electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J. Solid State Electrochem. 6, 55–62 (2001)
P.M. Ladeira, P. Puech, C. Toulouse, M. Cazayous, N.R. Ramond, P. Weisbecker, G.L. Vignoles, M. Monthioux, A Raman study to obtain crystallite size of carbon materials: a better alternative to the Tuinstra–Koenig law. Carbon 80, 629–639 (2014)
N. Meshram, A. Kumbhar, R.O. Dusane, Synthesis of silicon nanowires using tin catalyst by hot wire chemical vapor processing. Mater. Res. Bull. 48, 2254–2258 (2013)
F. Lu, M. Qiu, X. Qi, L. Yang, J. Yin, G. Hao, X. Feng, J. Li, J. Zhong, Electrochemical properties of high-power supercapacitors using ordered NiO coated Si nanowire array electrodes. Appl. Phys. A 104, 545–550 (2011)
J.P. Alper, M.S. Kim, M. Vincent, B. Hsia, V. Radmilovic, C. Carraro, R. Maboudian, Silicon carbide nanowires as highly robust electrodes for microsupercapacitor applications. J. Power Sources 230, 298–302 (2013)
P. Soam, A. Kavle, R.O. Kumbhar, Dusane, Performance enhancement of micro-supercapacitor by coating of graphene on silicon nanowires at room temperature. Curr. Appl. Phys. 17, 314–320 (2017)
D. Aradilla, G. Bidan, P. Gentile, P. Weathers, F. Thissandier, V. Ruiz, T.J.S. Gomez-Romero, Schubert,, H. Sahin, G. Sadki, C. Bidan, Nebel, A step forward in to hierarchically nanostructured materials for high performance micro-supercapacitors: diamond-coated SiNW electrodes in protic ionic liquid electrolyte. Electrochem. Commun. 63, 34–38 (2016)
R.R. Devarapalli, S. Szunerits, Y. Coffinier, M.V. Shelke, R. Boukherroub, Glucose-derived porous carbon-coated silicon nanowires as efficient electrodes for aqueous micro-supercapacitors. Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 4298–4302 (2016)
J. Zhu, A.S. Childress, M. Karakaya, S. Dandeliya, A. Srivastava, Y. Lin, A.M. Rao, R. Podila, Defect-engineered graphene for high-energy- and high- power-density supercapacitor devices. Adv. Mater. 28, 7185–7192 (2016)
M.R. Arcila-Velez, J. Zhu, A. Childressb, M. Karakaya, R. Podila, A.M. Rao, M.E. Robertsa, Roll-to-roll synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotube electrodes for electrical double layer capacitors. Nano Energy 8, 9–16 (2014)
M.F. El-Kady, V. Strong, S. Dubin, R.B. Kaner, Laser scribing of high-performance and flexible graphene-based electrochemical capacitors. Science 335, 1326–1330 (2012)
J.B. In, B. Hsia, J.-H. Yoo, C. Carraro, R. Maboudian, C.P. Grigoropoulos, Facile fabrication of flexible all solid-state micro-supercapacitor by direct laser writing of porous carbon in polyimide. Carbon 83, 114–151 (2015)
R.D. Levies, On porous electrodes in electrolyte solutions: I. Capacitance effects. Electrochim. Acta 8, 751–780 (1963)
W.G. Pell, B.E. Conway, Voltammetry at a de Levie brush electrode as a model for electrochemical supercapacitor behavior. J. Electroanal. Chem. 500, 121–133 (2001)
J. Yina, C. Zhenga, L. Qia, H. Wanga, Concentrated NaClO4 aqueous solutions as promising electrolytes for electric double-layer capacitors. J. Power Sources 196, 4080–4087 (2011)
M. Karakaya, J. Zhu, A.J. Raghavendra, R. Podila, S.G. Parler Jr., J.P. Kaplan, A.M. Rao, Roll-to-roll production of spray coated N-doped carbon nanotube electrodes for supercapacitors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 263103 (2014)
Y. Xu, Z. Lin, X. Zhong, X. Huang, N.O. Weiss, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Holey graphene frameworks for highly efficient capacitive energy storage. Nat. Commun. 5, 4554–4562 (2014)
Q. Cheng, J. Tang, J. Ma, H. Zhang, N. Shinya, L.C. Qin, Graphene and carbon nanotube composite electrodes for supercapacitors with ultra-high energy density. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 17615–17624 (2011)
L. Wei, G. Yushin, Electrical double layer capacitors with activated sucrose-derived carbon electrodes. Carbon 49, 4830–4838 (2011)
T. Jansch, J. Wallauer, B. Roling, Influence of electrode roughness on double layer formation in ionic, liquids, J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 4620–4626 (2015)
Acknowledgements
The Authors are grateful to SAIF department IIT Bombay. We are also thankful to Prof. V.S. Raja and Prof. S. Parida to provide us electrochemical characterization facility and Crompton Greaves for the financial support to Rahul Kumar and Ankur Soam. FIST facility (Dual beam FIB, Carl Zeiss Microscopy) in ME & MS department was also used for this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, R., Soam, A., Dusane, R.O. et al. Sucrose derived carbon coated silicon nanowires for supercapacitor application. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 1947–1954 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8105-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8105-x