Abstract
Present study deals with the development of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and vapour grown carbon fibers (VGCF) reinforced epoxy adhesive system used as an alternative to Pb/Sn soldering element. The alignment of MWCNTs was carried out in a specific designed instrument exerting of an external electric field. Solution casting technique was used for the fabrication of epoxy adhesive system incorporated with aligned MWCNT and VGCF. Scanning electron microscopy and Atomic force microscopy was carried out to determine the degree of alignment of MWCNTs. Owing to the formation of continuous path for the flow of electrons, 3 wt% of aligned MWCNT with 3 wt% of VGCF reinforced epoxy adhesive achieved about five orders of magnitude higher in the thermal conductivity compared to pure epoxy. Further, the experimental results showed that the shear strength of epoxy/3% MWCNT/3% VGCF adhesive system was 112% higher than the strength of pure polymer, emphasizing the advantages of aligned MWCNT on stiffness and strength. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out to study the thermo-mechanical and thermal degradation behaviour of epoxy adhesive formulations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.K. Singh, B.P. Panda, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, M.K. Gupta, Polym. Adv. Technol. (2017). doi:10.1002/pat.4072
A.K. Singh, B.P. Panda, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, M.K. Gupta, J. Mater. Sci. 28, 8908 (2017). doi:10.1007/s10854-017-6621-3
T. Villmow, S. Pegel, A. John, R. Rentenberger, P. Pötschke, Mater. Today 14, 340 (2011)
Y. Li, K.S. Moon, C.P. Wong, Nano-Conductive Adhesives for Nano-Electronics Interconnection. In Nano-Bio-Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging. (Springer, New York, 2010)
A.Paipetis,V Kostopoulos, Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Aerospace Composite Materials: A New Generation of Multifunctional Hybrid Structural Composites. (Springer, Dordrecht, 2012)
J.F. Caers, X.J. Zhao, E.H. Wong, C.K. Ong, Z.X. Wu, R. Ranjoo, in Proceedings electronic components and technology conference, vol 1176, (2016)
T.F. Zhang, Z.P. Li, J.Z. Wang, W.Y. Kong, G.A. Wu, Y.Z. Zheng, Y.W. Zhao, E.X. Yao, N.X. Zhuang, L.B. Luo, Sci. Rep. 6, 38569 (2016)
K. Balasubramanian, M. Burghard, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 35, 452 (2006)
P. Gupta, M. Rajput, N. Singla, V. Kumar, D. Lahiri, Polymer 89, 119 (2016)
O. Osazuwa, M. Kontopoulou, P. Xiang, Z. Ye, A. Docoslis, Procedia Eng. 42, 1414 (2012)
D. Domingues, E. Logakis, A.A. Skordos, Carbon 50, 2493 (2012)
M. Monti, M. Natali, L. Torre, J.M. Kenny, Carbon 50, 2453 (2012)
I.C. Finegan, G.G. Tibbetts, J. Mater. Res. 16, 1668 (2001)
G.G. Tibbetts, Carbon 27, 745 (1989)
V.Z. Mordkovich, Theor. Found. Chem. Eng. 37, 429 (2003)
J.E. Jang, S.N. Cha, Y. Choi, T.P. Butler, D.J. Kang, D.G. Hasko, J.E. Jung, Y.W. Jin, J.M. Kim, G.A. Amaratunga, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 113105 (2008)
H.E. Troiani, M.M. Yoshida, G.A. Camacho-Bragado, M.A. Marques, A. Rubio, J.A. Ascencio, M. Jose-Yacaman, Nano Lett. 3, 151 (2003)
L.B. Kish, P.M. Ajayan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93106, 2004 (2008)
J.T. Tsai, H.C. Ko, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 13104 (2006)
Y.J. Jung, S. Kar, S. Talapatra, C. Soldano, G. Viswanathan, X. Li, Z. Yao, F.S. Ou, A. Avadhanula, R. Vajtai, S. Curran, Nano Lett. 6, 413 (2006)
L. Zhu, Y. Sun, D.W. Hess, C. Wong, Nano Lett. 6, 243 (2006)
K. Prabakaran, A.K. Palai, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, RSC Adv. 5, 66563 (2015)
H. Sun, X. You, Y. Jiang, G. Guan, X. Fang, J. Deng, P. Chen, Y. Luo, H. Peng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 9526 (2014)
Z. Cai, L. Li, J. Ren, L. Qiu, H. Lin, H. Peng, J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 258 (2013)
Z. Yang, L. Li, Y. Luo, R. He, L. Qiu, H. Lin, H. Peng, J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 954 (2013)
S. Park, M. Vosguerichian, Z. Bao, Nanoscale 5, 1727 (2013)
M. Lee, J. Im, B.Y. Lee, S. Myung, J. Kang, L. Huang, Y.K. Kwon, S. Hong, Nat. Nanotechnol. 1, 66 (2006)
M. Lee, M. Noah, J. Park, M.J. Seong, Y.K. Kwon, S. Hong, Small 5, 1642 (2009)
M.A. Al-Khedher, C. Pezeshki, J.L. McHale, F.J. Knorr, Nanotechnology 18, 355703 (2007)
A.M. Marconnet, N. Yamamoto, M.A. Panzer, B.L. Wardle, K.E. Goodson, ACS Nano 5, 4818 (2011)
S.U. Khan, J.R. Pothnis, J.K. Kim, Compos. Part A 49, 26 (2013)
S.B. Jagtap, D. Ratna, Expr. Polym. Lett. 7, 329 (2013)
A.J. Kinloch, MRS Bull. 28, 445 (2003)
D.S. Kim, C. Baek, H.J. Ma, D.K. Kim, Ceram. Int. 42, 7141 (2015)
F. Ahmadpoor, S.M. Zebarjad, K. Janghorban, Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 113 (2013)
E.S. Choi, J.S. Brooks, D.L. Eaton, M.S. Al-Haik, M.Y. Hussaini, H. Garmestani, D. Li, K. Dahmen, J. Appl. Phys. 94, 6034 (2003)
S.Y. Kwon, I.M. Kwon, Y.G. Kim, S. Lee, Y.S. Seo, Carbon 55, 285 (2013)
W. Sun, H. Tomita, S. Hasegawa, Y. Kitamura, M. Nakano, J. Suehiro, J. Phys. D 44, 445303 (2011)
Z. Ren, Y. Lan, Y. Wang, Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Physics, Concepts, Fabrication and Devices, 1st edn. (Springer, Berlin, 2013)
M.G. Zaidi, S.K. Joshi, M. Kumar, D. Sharma, A. Kumar, S. Alam, P.L. Sah, Carbon Lett. 14, 218 (2013)
A.E. Aliev, M.H. Lima, E.M. Silverman, R.H. Baughman, Nanotechnology 21, 35709 (2010)
M.H. Al-Saleh, U. Sundararaj, Carbon 47, 2 (2009)
P. Gonnet, Z. Liang, E.S. Choi, R.S. Kadambala, C. Zhang, J.S. Brooks, B. Wang, L. Kramer, Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 119 (2006)
J.E. Fischer, W. Zhou, J. Vavro, M.C. Llaguno, C. Guthy, R. Haggenmueller, M.J. Casavant, D.E. Walters, R.E. Smalley, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 2157 (2003)
Y. Zhang, A. Chang, J. Cao, Q. Wang, W. Kim, Y. Li, N. Morris, E. Yenilmez, J. Kong, H. Dai, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3155 (2001)
K. Zhang, M.M.F. Yuen, J.H. Gao, B. Xu, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 56, 245 (2007)
C.P. Wong, K.S. Moon, Y. Li, Nano-Bio-Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging. (Springer, New York, 2010).)
Y. Chen, J. Ting, Carbon 40, 359 (2002)
B. Li, S. Dong, X. Wu, C. Wang, X. Wang, J. Fang, Compos. Sci. Technol. (2017). doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.05.006
S. Ghose, K.A. Watson, D.C. Working, J.W. Connell, J.G. Smith Jr., Y.P. Sun, Compos. Sci. Technol. 68, 1843 (2008)
H. Huang, C.H. Liu, Y. Wu, S.H. Fan, Adv. Mater. 17, 1652 (2005)
Q. Liao, Z. Liu, W. Liu, C. Deng, N. Yang, Sci. Rep. 5, 16543 (2015)
S.T. Huxtable, D.G. Cahill, S. Shenogin, L. Xue, R. Ozisik, P. Barone, M. Usrey, M.S. Strano, G. Siddons, M. Shim, P. Keblinski, Nat. Mater. 2, 731 (2003)
N. Shenogina, S. Shenogin, L. Xue, P. Keblinski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 133106 (2005)
G. Lin, B.H. Xie, J. Hu, X. Huang, G.J. Zhang, J. Nanomater. 16, 260 (2015)
K.K. Mahato, D.K. Rathore, R.K. Prusty, K. Dutta, B.C. Ray, IOP Conf. Ser. 178, 12006 (2017)
M.B. Salam, M.V. Hosur, S. Zainuddin, S. Jeelani, Open J. Compos. Mater. 3, 1 (2013)
G.V. Ramana, B. Padya, R.N. Kumar, K.V. Prabhakar, P.K. Jain, Indian J. Eng. Mat. Sci. 17, 331 (2010)
V. Causin, C. Marega, A. Marigo, G. Ferrara, A. Ferraro, Eur. Polym. J. 42, 3153 (2006)
M. Hossain, M. Chowdhury, M. Salam, N. Jahan, J. Malone, M. Hosur, S. Jeelani, N. Bolden, J. Compos. Mater. 49, 2251 (2014)
X. Shen, J. Jia, C. Chen, Y. Li, J.K. Kim, J. Mater. Sci. 49, 3225 (2014)
A. Vivet, W. Leclerc, B.B. Doudou, J. Chen, C. Poilâne, Fibers 3, 134 (2015)
M. Sudheer, R. Prabhu, K. Raju, T. Bhat, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2014, 1 (2014). doi:10.1155/2014/970468
J. Saji, S.P. Mahapatra, J. Basic Appl. Eng. Res. 1, 33 (2014)
M.R. Guden, S.G. Prolongo, T. Gomez-del Rio, A. Urena, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 31, 695 (2011)
V.K. Srivastava, S. Singh, Int. J. Compos. Mater. 2, 1 (2012)
S.K. Sahoo, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, RSC Adv. 5, 13674 (2015)
S.J. Park, F.L. Jin, C. Lee, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 402, 335 (2005)
V.B. Borugadda, V.V. Goud, Thermochim. Acta 577, 33 (2014)
R. Hardis, Cure Kinetics Characterization and Monitoring of An Epoxy Resin for Thick Composite Structures. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Paper 12608. (Iowa State University, US, 2012)
M. Dehghan, I. Sbarski, Int. J. Chem. Nucl. Metall. Mater. Eng. 8, 119 (2014)
K. Yu, M. Wang, J. Wu, K. Qian, J. Sun, X. Lu, Nanomaterials 6, 89 (2016)
S. Gupta, A. Rahaman, Int. J. Sci. Publ. 5, 1 (2015)
M.I. Reddy, V.S. Reddy, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 3, 410 (2014)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences-BRNS (Grant No. 39/11/2015-BRNS), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Govt. of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, A.K., Parhi, A., Panda, B.P. et al. Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCF) reinforced epoxy adhesive for thermal conductivity applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 17655–17674 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7704-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7704-x