Abstract
Cadmium-cobalt-rare-earth nanoferrite samples of composition Cd0.7Co0.3Fe2O4 and Cd0.7Co0.3R0.05Fe1.95O4 (R = Ce, Sm, Gd, Er) were prepared by citrate auto combustion method. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Micrographs (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). XRD confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure with the appearance of small peaks designated as secondary phases. The average crystallite sizes were found to be between 40.3 and 22.1 nm for pure and Gd doped samples respectively. The magnetic properties were studied by carrying out the hysteresis of the investigated samples at room temperature and at 100 K. The magnetic parameters, such as the saturation magnetization, coercivity Hc, squareness and loop area are markedly affected by increment of rare earth ions at the expense of Fe3+ ions in a spinel structure. The increase in magnetization of the nano ferrite samples at 100 K, may be clarified by annihilation of a nonmagnetic layers (surface dead layers) due to the rare earth doping. Greater than nearly nine-fold increase in coercivity was observed in pure and Ce, Sm doped compared to the Gd and Er samples. The data for Hc, Ms and Mr of lanthanide doped ferrites suggest their suitability in applications like magnetic targeting and separators.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.P. Dalawai, T.J. Shinde, A.B. Gadkari, P.N. Vasambekar, Bull. Mater. Sci. 36(5), 919–922 (2013)
J. Chand, M. Singh, J. Alloys Compd. 486, 376, (2009)
F. Muthafar, A.l. Hilli, S. Li, K.S. Kassim, Mater. Chem. Phys. 128, 127–132 (2011)
M.A. Ahmed, E. Ateia, S.I. El-Dek, Mater. Lett. 57, 4256–4266 (2003)
M.A. Gabal, Y.M. Al-Angari, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 3159–3165 (2010)
M.S. Khandekar, R.C. Kambale, S.S. Latthe, J.Y. Patil, P.A. Shaikh, H. Hur, S. Suryavanshi, Mater. Lett. 65, 2972–2974 (2011)
H. Klung, L. Alexander, X-ray Diffraction Procedures (Wiley, New York, EUA, 1962), p. 491
V. Musta Bujoreanu, E. Segal, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 68, 191–197 (2002)
J.F. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, Chemistry Principles of Structure and Reactivity, (College Publishers, Harper Collins, New York, 1993), p. 543
X. Zhao, W. Wang, Y.J. Zhang, S. Wu, F. Li, J. Ping Liu, Synthesis and characterization of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nano particles with enhanced adsorption capability for Congored. Chem. Eng. J. 250, 164–174 (2014)
M.T. Farid, I. Ahmad, M. Kanwal, G. Murtaza, I. Ali, M.N. Ashiq, S.A. Khan, Magnetic and electric behavior of praseodymium substituted CuPryFe2–yO4 ferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 422, 337–343 (2017)
R.D. Waldron, Phys. Rev. 99, 1727–1735 (1955)
X. Ma, H. Sun, H. He, M. Zheng, Catal. Lett. 119(1–2), 142–147 (2007)
Z. Yue, L. Li, J. Zhou, H. Zhang, Z. Gui, Mater. Sci. Eng. 64(1), 68–72 (1999)
B.K. Labde, M.C. Sable, N.R. Shamkuwar, Mater. Lett. 57, 1651–1655 (2003)
M. Mouallem-Bahout, S. Bertrand, O. Pena, J. Solid State Chem. 178(4), 1080–1086 (2005)
O.M. Hemeda, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 281, 36 (2006)
E. Pervaiz, I.H. Gul, Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol. 2, 4 (2012)
E.E. Ateia, A.A. El-Bassuony, G. Abdelatif, F.S. Soliman, Novelty characterization and enhancement of magnetic properties of Co and Cu nanoferrites. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. doi:10.1007/s10854-016-5517-y
R.V. Upadhayay, R.V. Mehta, K. Prakash, D. Srinivas, R.R. Pant, Gd substituted ferrite ferrofluids: a possible candidate to enhance paramagnetic coefficient. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 201, 129 (1999)
K.M. Batoo, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 499 (2011)
J.P. Singh, H. Kumar, A. Singhal, N. Sarin, R.C. Srivastava, K.H. Chae, Solubility limit, magnetic interaction and conduction mechanism in rare earth doped spinel ferrite. Appl. Sci. Lett. 2(1), 03–11 (2016)
S.E. Shirsath, M.L. Mane, Y. Yasukawa, X. Liu, A. Morisako, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 2347 (2014)
F. Cheng, J. Jia, Z. Xu, B. Zhou, C. Liao, C. Yan, L. Chen, H. Zhao, J. Appl. Phys. 86(5), 2727 (1999)
G. Bulai, L. Diamandescu, I. Dumitru, S. Gurlui, M. Feder, O.F. Caltun, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 390, 123–131 (2015)
E.E. Ateia, A.T. Mohamed, Nonstoichiometry and phase stability of Al and Cr substituted Mg ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by citrate method. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 426, 217–224 (2017)
U. Kurtan, R. Topkaya, A. Baykal, M.S. Toprak, Temperature dependent magnetic properties of CoFe2O4/CTAB nano composites synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion technique. Ceram. Int. 39, 6551–6558 (2013)
S. Chakrabarty, A. Dutta, M. Pal, Enhanced magnetic properties of doped cobalt ferrites by virtue of cation distribution. J. Alloys Compd. 625, 216–223 (2015)
V. Naidu, S.K.A.A.K. Sahib, M. Suganthi, C. Prakash, Inter. J. Comp. Appl. 27, 18–22 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ateia, E., El-Bassuony, A.A.H. Fascinating improvement in physical properties of Cd/Co nanoferrites using different rare earth ions. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 11482–11490 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6944-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6944-0