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Effect of Co cations and oxygen vacancy on optical and magnetic properties of SrTi1−xCoxO3 nanoparticles prepared by the hydrothermal method

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Abstract

SrTi1−xCoxO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Optical and magnetic properties based on Co cations and oxygen vacancy were studied in annealed samples. Phase and structure of all samples studied by X-ray diffraction results reveal a crystal of perovskite type with the formation of impurity phases of SrCO3 and Co3O4 in as-prepared and annealed samples of x = 0.15. Images of annealed samples obtained by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope reveal cubic-like nanoparticles with the increase of average particle size from 103.85 ± 1.15 to 113.14 ± 2.27 nm due to the increase of Co content. In addition, the determined optical band gaps of annealed samples from the obtained ultraviolet–visible spectra are found to decrease from 3.148 to 2.417 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of annealed samples with x = 0.05 and 0.10 indicate the increase of oxygen vacancy (Vo) with increasing Co content and the existence of only Co2+ cation in a sample of x = 0.05 and both of Co2+ and Co3+ cations in a sample of x = 0.10. XANES results of annealed samples confirm the oxidation state 2 + and 3 + of Co cations. Magnetization (M) measurements using vibrating sample magnetometer reveal paramagnetic behavior in as-prepared samples and ferromagnetic behavior in annealed samples with saturation magnetization increases from 0.48 to 3.13 emu/g, owing to the increase of Co content. F-center exchange mechanism due to Co2+–Vo–Co2+ and Co3+–Vo–Co3+ couplings are proposed for the ferromagnetism. Temperature dependence of magnetization for annealed SrTi0.90Co0.10O3 sample measured in zero field-cooling and field-cooling modes indicate a Curie temperature above 280 K.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission. The Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand are also acknowledged for co-providing of fund, including XRD, VSM, UV–Vis, SEM and TEM measurements. The Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon ratchasima, Thailand is acknowledged for XAS measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Nanotec-KKU Center of Excellence on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy Production and Storage, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Attaphol Karaphun & Ekaphan Swatsitang

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand

    Sitchai Hunpratub & Sumalin Phokha

  3. Rajamangala University of Technology, Rattanakosin Wang Klai Kangwon Campus, Prachuap khiri khan, 77110, Thailand

    Thanin Putjuso

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Ekaphan Swatsitang

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  1. Attaphol Karaphun
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  2. Sitchai Hunpratub
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Correspondence to Ekaphan Swatsitang.

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Karaphun, A., Hunpratub, S., Phokha, S. et al. Effect of Co cations and oxygen vacancy on optical and magnetic properties of SrTi1−xCoxO3 nanoparticles prepared by the hydrothermal method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 8294–8303 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6543-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6543-0

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