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Effect of Ce addition on the electronic structure and bonding in BaTi1−xCexO3 ceramics

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Abstract

In this work, we report the influences of Ce doping on structural, morphological, optical and charge derived properties of BaTi1−xCexO3 (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 & 0.08) ceramic synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. This ceramic has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV–visible spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Lattice parameters were determined through the profile refinement technique using PXRD data. Charge density redistribution and bonding nature of the grown systems are analyzed by maximum entropy method (MEM). Incorporation of rare earth ion Ce into the BaTiO3 lattice enhances the ionic nature between Ba and O ions and decreases the ionic nature between Ti and O ions, revealed from the qualitative and quantitative analysis by MEM. Optical band gap values are estimated for the prepared samples from UV–Vis data. Formation of aggregated particles with low porosity is observed from SEM micrographs. The chemical compositions of the prepared samples are further confirmed by EDS spectral analysis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the authorities of “The Madura College, Madurai-11” for providing lab facilities, continuous support and encouragement to carry out the research work successfully. One of the authors (J. M) is thankful to the Management of NMSSVN College, Nagamalai, Madurai-19 and UGC for the Faculty Development Programme of XII plan, the period in which this effective work was carried out.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PG and Research Department of Physics, NMSSVN College, Nagamalai, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 019, India

    J. Mangaiyarkkarasi

  2. Research Centre and PG Department of Physics, The Madura College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 011, India

    R. Saravanan

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  1. J. Mangaiyarkkarasi
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  2. R. Saravanan
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Correspondence to J. Mangaiyarkkarasi.

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Mangaiyarkkarasi, J., Saravanan, R. Effect of Ce addition on the electronic structure and bonding in BaTi1−xCexO3 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 2624–2633 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5839-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5839-9

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