Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-phosphorus nanocomposites with a new approach for dye sensitized solar cells applications

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Reduced graphene oxide-phosphorus nanocomposites (RGO-P NC) have been synthesized with a new approach using hydrothermal method as the counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The structure and morphology of as synthesized RGO-P NC were analysed through XRD and SEM. The result show that graphene oxide has reduced to graphene in the hydrothermal reaction process. Simultaneously, by the SEM images it was confirmed that the graphene sheets in composite are exfoliated and decorated with phosphorous. It was studied the current–voltage characteristics of the DSSC as a function of light intensity. It was observed that the efficiency of the RGO-P NC based DSSC depends on the light intensity. The maximum efficiency of 2.77 % was succeed under illumination of 100 mW/cm2. This result suggests that the RGO-P NC could lead to obtained DSSCs with low cost and high efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Li, Z. Wei, X. Gou, W. Xu, Phosphorus-doped graphene nanosheets as efficient metal-free oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. RSC Adv. 3, 9978–9984 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. D.S. Yang, D. Bhattacharjya, S. Inamdar, J. Park, J. Yu, Phosphorus-doped ordered mesoporous carbons with different lengths as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 16127–16130 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Z. Wang, P. Li, Y. Chen, J. He, J. Liu, W. Zhang, Y.J. Li, Phosphorus-doped reduced graphene oxide as an electrocatalyst counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Power Sources 263, 246–251 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Zhao, W. Chen, J. Zhai, X. Sheng, Q. He, T. Wei, F. Bai, L. Jiang, D. Zhu, Solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaic device with newly designed small organic molecule as hole-conductor. Chem. Phys. Lett. 445, 259–264 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J.T. Park, J.K. Koh, S.J. Byun, S.W. Kang, J.H. Kim, Performance enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells using nanostructural TiO2 films prepared by a graft polymerization and sol–gel process. Electrochim. Acta 56, 3182–3191 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M.A. Khan, M.S. Akhtar, O.B. Yang, Synthesis, characterization and application of sol–gel derived mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells. Sol. Energy 84, 2195–2201 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A.A. Al-Ghamdi, R.K. Gupta, P.K. Kahol, S. Wageh, Y.A. Al-Turki, W. El-Shirbeeny, F. Yakuphanoglu, Improved solar efficiency by introducing graphene oxide in purple cabbage dye sensitized TiO2 based solar cell. Solid State Commun. 183, 56–59 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Z.G. Wang, Y.F. Chen, P.J. Li, X. Hao, J.B. Liu, R. Huang, Y.R. Li, Flexible graphene-based electroluminescent devices. ACS Nano 5, 7149–7154 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Zhao, Y. Gao, J. Wang, C. Chen, D. Chen, C. Wang, F. Ciucci, Egg yolk-derived phosphorus and nitrogen dual doped nano carbon capsules for high-performance lithium ion batteries. Mater. Lett. 167, 93–97 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Das, P. Sudhagar, E. Ito, D.Y. Lee, S. Nagarajan, S.Y. Lee, Y.S. Kang, W. Choi, Effect of HNO3 functionalization on large scale graphene for enhanced tri-iodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 20490–20497 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Some, J. Kim, K. Lee, A. Kulkarni, Y. Yoon, S.M. Lee, T. Kim, H. Lee, Highly air-stable phosphorus-doped n-type graphene field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 24, 5481–5486 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. C.H. Choi, M.W. Chung, H.C. Kwon, S.H. Park, S.I. Woo, B, N- and P, N-doped graphene as highly active catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions in acidic media. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 3694–3699 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C.K. Chua, M. Pumera, Chemical reduction of graphene oxide: a synthetic chemistry viewpoint. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 291–312 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Karthika, N. Rajalakshmi, K.S. Dhathathreyan, Phosphorus-doped exfoliated graphene for supercapacitor electrodes. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3, 1746–1751 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. C. Zhang, N. Mahmood, H. Yin, F. Liu, Y.L. Hou, Synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphene and its multifunctional applications for oxygen reduction reaction and lithium ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 25, 4932–4937 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. X.C. Jiang, Y. Xie, J. Liu, W. He, L.Y. Zhu, Y.T. Quian, Preparation and phase transformation of nanocrystalline copper sulfides (Cu9S8, Cu7S4 and CuS) at low temperature. J. Mater. Chem. 10, 2193–2196 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Zhang, D. Yang, S. Li, X. Ma, Y. Ji, J. Xu, D. Que, Controllable growth of ZnO nanostructures by citric acid assisted hydrothermal process. Mater. Lett. 59, 1696–1700 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. N. Banerjee, S.B. Krupanidhi, Facile hydrothermal synthesis and observation of bubbled growth mechanism in nano-ribbons aggregated microspherical Covellite blue-phosphor. Dalton Trans. 39, 9789–9793 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Banerjee, S.B. Krupanidhi, Synthesis and structural characterization of two-dimensional hierarchical covellite nano-structures. Mater. Chem. Phys. 137, 466–471 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K.J. Chen, T.H. Fang, F.Y. Hung, L.W. Ji, S.J. Chang, S.J. Young et al., The crystallization and physical properties of Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 5791–5795 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Guo, J. Zheng, X.Z. Song, K. Sun, Synthesis and conductive properties of Ga-doped ZnO nanosheets by the hydrothermal method. Mater. Lett. 97, 34–36 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. P. Liu, Y. Huang, L. Wang, M. Zong, W. Zhang, Hydrothermal synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–Co3O4 composites and the excellent microwave electromagnetic properties. Mater. Lett. 107, 166–169 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M.M.S. Sanada, A.E. Shalana, M.M. Rashada, M.H.H. Mahmouda, Plasmonic enhancement of low cost mesoporous Fe2O3–TiO2 loaded with palladium, platinum or silver for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Appl. Surf. Sci. 359, 315–322 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A.E. Shalan, A.M. Elseman, M. Rasly, M.M. Moharam, M.L. Cantu, M.M. Rashad, Concordantly fabricated heterojunction ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposite electrodes via a co-precipitation method for efficient stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv. 125, 102953–103759 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  25. E.M. Elsayed, A.E. Shalan, M.M. Rashad, Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles using electrodeposition and co-precipitation techniques for dye-sensitized solar cells applications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 25(8), 3412–3419 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  26. I. Karteri, S. Karataş, F. Yakuphanoglu, Electrical characterization of graphene oxide and organic dielectric layers based on thin film transistor. Appl. Surf. Sci. 318, 74–78 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. C.T. Hsieh, S.M. Hsu, J.Y. Lin, H. Teng, Electrochemical capacitors based on graphene oxide sheets using different aqueous electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. 115, 12367–12374 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. T.T. Wu, J.M. Ting, Preparation and characteristics of graphene oxide and its thin films. Surf. Coat. Technol. 231, 487–491 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. C. Zhang, X. Wang, Q. Liang, X. Liu, Q. Weng, J. Liu, Y. Yang, Z. Dai, K. Ding, Y. Bando, J. Tang, D. Golberg, Amorphous phosphorus/nitrogen-doped graphene paper for ultrastable sodium–ion batteries. Nano Lett. 6(3), 2054 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. W.C. Oh, M.L. Chen, K. Zhang, F.J. Zhang, The effect of thermal and ultrasonic treatment on the formation of graphene-oxide nanosheets. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 56, 1097–1102 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. K. Wongcharee, V. Meeyoo, S. Chavadej, Dye-sensitized solar cell using natural dyes extracted from rosella and blue pea flowersSol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 566–571 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A.J. Mozer, P. Denk, M.C. Scharber, H. Neugebauer, N.S. Sariciftci, P.L. Wagner, Novel regiospecific MDMO–PPV copolymer with improved charge transport for bulk heterojunction solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 5235–5242 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Arndt, U. Zhokhavets, G. Gobsch, C. Winder, C. Lungenschmied, N.S. Sariciftci, Investigation of excited states in polymer/fullerene solar cells by means of photoinduced reflection/absorption spectroscopy. Thin Solid Films 451, 60–63 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. R. Kaplan, Frequency-resolved photoconductivity in a-SiGe:H. Thin Solid Films 333, 240–244 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. R.H. Bube, Photoconductivity of Solids (Wiley, New York, 1960)

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. Rose, Concepts in Photoconductivity (Interscience, New York, 1960)

    Google Scholar 

  37. I. Karteri, S. Karatas, F. Yakuphanoğlu, Photosensing properties of pentacene thin film transistor with solution-processed silicon dioxide/graphene oxide bilayer insulators. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27(5), 5284–5293 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to thanks to TUBİTAK for providing financial support (TUBİTAK-2211-C Fellowship Programme), Turkey.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahit Güneş.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karteri, İ., Güneş, M. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-phosphorus nanocomposites with a new approach for dye sensitized solar cells applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 11502–11508 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5278-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5278-7

Keywords

Navigation