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Magnetic properties of Mn doped ZnO: the role of synthesis route

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Abstract

Structural, morphological, optical, magnetic properties and chemical state of the constituent elements of 2 at% Mn doped ZnO samples synthesized by solid state reaction and sol–gel techniques were analyzed. The role of chemical or valency state in tuning the magnetic properties has been investigated. X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, UV–visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopes and superconducting quantum interference device vibrating sample magnetometer (SQUID VSM) were employed for investigation. Mn incorporation in ZnO lattice has been shown by single phase wurtzite structured samples. The presence of defects particularly zinc vacancy (VZn) has been evidenced from band tailing. Solid state reaction technique derived sample exhibit strong intrinsic ferromagnetism but sol–gel sample didn’t show strong ferromagnetic (FM) ordering. Antiferromagnetic (AFM) interaction is present in both samples. The chemical state of Mn is +2 for solid state reaction technique derived sample whereas for sol–gel technique derived sample it is a mixed chemical state (exists in both +2 and +3 states). Finally, the peculiar magnetic behavior has been interpreted from the interaction between VZn and d-electrons of Mn2+ and Mn3+ states.

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Acknowledgments

This work is financially supported by DST, Government of India (vide Project No: SR/FTP/PS-31/2006). We thankfully acknowledge Mr. A. Rai and Dr. S. R. Barman of UGC DAE CSR, Indore, for performing XPS measurement and the centre itself for providing XPS facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India

    R. Karmakar, S. K. Neogi, N. Midya, A. Banerjee & S. Bandyopadhyay

  2. CRNN, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700098, India

    A. Banerjee & S. Bandyopadhyay

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  1. R. Karmakar
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Correspondence to S. Bandyopadhyay.

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Karmakar, R., Neogi, S.K., Midya, N. et al. Magnetic properties of Mn doped ZnO: the role of synthesis route. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 6371–6381 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4572-8

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