Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Theoretical modelling of dopants in diamond

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the hurdles to the use of diamond as an electronic material is the lack of shallow dopants. In this paper, the theoretical modelling of dopants in diamond is reviewed, including some of the more promising suggestions for shallow donors. Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and boron are now quite reliably modelled using density functional theory. More exotic species, such as arsenic, antimony and sodium (in an interstitial site) are promising candidates for shallow donors, although their solubility is likely to be poor. Some of the complexes (N-H-N, NSi4) may also be shallow donors, but it will be difficult to produce them in enough quantity and purity to be electronically useful.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pan, L., Kania, D., (eds.) Diamond: Electronic Properties and Applications (Kluwer Acad. Publ., Boston 1995) pp. 472

    Google Scholar 

  2. Crowther, P.A., Dean, P.J., Sherman, W.F., Phys. Rev. 154, 772 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Uzan-saguy, C., Kalish, R., Walker, R., Jamieson, D.N., Prawer, S., Diam. Relat. Mater. 7, 1429 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fujimori, N., Nakahata, H., Imai, T., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29, 824 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Farrer, R.G., Solid State Commun. 7, 685 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wild, Ch., Herres, N., Koidl, P., J. Appl. Phys. 68, 973 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Koizumi, S., Kamo, M., Sato, Y., Ozaki, H., Inuzuka, T., Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1065 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Haenen, K., Meykens, K., Nesládek, M., Knuyt, G., Stals, L.M., Teraji, T. Koizumi, S., Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 181, 11 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gheeraert, E., Koizumi, S., Teraji, T., Kanda, H., Nesládek, M., Diamond Relat. Mater. 9, 948 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sakaguchi, I., Nishitani-gamo, M., Kikuchi, Y., Yasu, E., Haneda, H., Suzuki, T., Ando, T., Phys. Rev.B 60, R2139 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kalish, R., Reznik, A., Uzan-saguy, C., Cytermann, C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 757 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Garrido, J.A., Nebel, C.E., Stutzmann, M. Gheeraert, E., Casanova, N., Bustarret, E., Phys. Rev. B 65, 165409 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Landstrass, I.M., Ravi, K.V., Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 975 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mastudaira, H., Miyamoto, S., Ishizuka, H., Umezawa, U., and Karawada, H., IEEE Electron Device Lett. 25, 480 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Maier, F., Riedel, M., Mantel, B., Ristein, J., Ley, L., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3472 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Goss, J.P., Hourahine, B., Jones, R., Heggie, M.I., Briddon P.R., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, 8973 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Larsson, K., Ristein J., J. Phys. Chem.B 109, 10304 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Goss, J.P., Briddon, P.R., Jones, R. Sque, S.J., Diamond Relat. Mater. 13, 684 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lombardi, E.B., Mainwood, A., Osuch, K., Phys. Rev.B 70, 205201 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Northrup, J.E., Zhang S.B., Phys. Rev.B 47, 6791 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lombardi, E.B., Mainwood, A., Osuch, K., Reynhardt, E.C., J. Phys.:Condens. Mat. 15, 3135 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kajihara, S.A., Antonelli, A. Bernholc, J., Car, R., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2010 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Briddon, P.R., Heggie, M.I., Jones, R., Mater. Sci. Forum 457, 83–87 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sque, S.J., Jones, R., Goss, J.P., Briddon, P.R., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 017402 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Li, B.B., Tosin, M.C., Peterlevitz, A.C., Baranauskas V., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 812 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kiflawi, I., Mainwood, A., Kanda, H., Fisher, D., Phys. Rev.B 54, 16719 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Goss, J.P., private communication (2005)

  28. Davies G., Carbon, 13, 1 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Briddon, P.R., Heggie, M.I., Jones, R., Mater. Sci. Forum 457, 83–87, (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mainwood, A., Phys. Rev.B 49, 7934 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Evans, T., in The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond, Field, J.E. (ed.), (Academic Press, 1992), p.259.

  32. Goss, J.P., Briddon, P.R., Jones, R., Teukam, Z., Ballutaud, D., Gomard, F., Chevallier, J., Bernard, M., Deneuville, A., Phys. Rev.B 68, 235209 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang, L.G., Zunger, A., Phys. Rev.B 66, 161202 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gheeraert, E., Koizumi, S., Teraji, T., Kanda, H., Solid State Commun. 113, 577 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Blase, X., Adessi, C., Connétable, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 237004 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ma, Y. Tse, J.S., Cui, T., Klug, D.D., Zhang, L., Xie, Y., Niu, Y., Zou, G., Phys. Rev.B 72, 014306 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Isoya J., private communication.

  38. Butorac, B., Mainwood, A., in preparation.

  39. Goss, J.P., Briddon, P.R., Rayson, M.J., Sque, S.J., Jones, R., Phys. Rev.B 72, 035214 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Lombardi, E.B., PhD thesis, University of South Africa (UNISA) (2003)

  41. Goss, J.P., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, R551 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Goss, J.P., Jones, R., Heggie, M.I., Ewels, C.P., Briddon, P.R., Öberg, S., Phys. Rev.B 65, 115207 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Teukam, Z., Chevallier, J., Saguy, C., Kalish, R., Ballutaud, D., Barbé, M., Jomard, F., Tromson-carli, A., Cytermann, C., Butler, J.E., Bernard, M. Baron, C., Deneuville, A., Nature Materials 2, 482 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Goss, J.P., Briddon, P.R., Sque, S.J., Jones, R., Phys. Rev.B 69, 165215 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Nakazawa, K., Tachiki, M., Kawarada, H., Kawamura, A., Horiuchi, K., Ishikura, T., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2074 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Miyasaki, T., Okushi, H., Uda, T. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 066402 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Machi, I.Z., Connell, S.H., Baker, M., Sellschop, J.P.F., Bharuth-ram, K., Fischer, C.G., Nilen, R.W., Cox, S.F.J., Butler, J.E., Physica 507, 289B–290B (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Segev, D. Su-huai-wei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 126406 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yu, B.D., Miyamoto, Y., Sugino, O., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 976 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Katayama-yoshida, H., Nishimatsu, T., Yamamoto, T., Orita, N., Phys. Status. Solidi (b) 210, 429 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.

    Alison Mainwood

Authors
  1. Alison Mainwood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alison Mainwood.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mainwood, A. Theoretical modelling of dopants in diamond. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 17, 453–458 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-006-8091-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-006-8091-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation