Effects of boron doping and pre-heat treatment on the stabilization of tetragonal zirconia in sol-gel-derived ZrO2–SiO2 glass–ceramics

Table 2 Density and Vickers hardness of SPS-sintered ZrO₂–SiO₂ glass–ceramic samples, including literature data and sintering parameters

Sample Composition	Heat treatment (°C)	Sintering Temp (°C)	Sintering Pressure (Mpa)	ρ_average (g/cm³)	Microhardness (GPa)	Particle Size (nm)	Ref
65Zr35Si	650-1 h	1270	50	4.53 ± 0.01	7.34 ± 0.16	53	This Study
2%B-doped-65Zr35Si	650-1 h	1200	50	4.33 ± 0.01	7.36 ± 0.21	61
65Zr35Si	900-15 m	1250	50	4.42 ± 0.01	7.44 ± 0.03	40
2%B-doped-65Zr35Si	900-15 m	1218	50	4.41 ± 0.01	7.88 ± 0.05	55
65Zr35Si	1000-5 m	1203	50	4.36 ± 0.01	8.05 ± 0.03	36
1%B-doped-65Zr35Si	1000-5 m	1160	50	4.35 ± 0.01	7.74 ± 0.04	–
2%B-doped-65Zr35Si	1000-5 m	1171	50	4.33 ± 0.01	7.46 ± 0.01	57
3%B-doped-65Zr35Si	1000-5 m	1183	50	4.29 ± 0.01	7.14 ± 0.04	-
4%B-doped-65Zr35Si	1000-5 m	1165	50	4.23 ± 0.01	6.80 ± 0.04	–
45Zr55Si	600-1 h	1150	60	3.82 ± 0.01	7.21 ± 0.10	29.5	[13]
55Zr45Si	600-1 h	1150	60	4.14 ± 0.02	7.16 ± 0.03	35.1
65Zr35Si	600-1 h	1150	60	4.53 ± 0.03	7.57 ± 0.11	47.5
65Zr35Si	600-1 h	1200	30	–	7.33 ± 0.2	25.4	[12]
65Zr35Si	600-1 h	1200	60	–	7.54 ± 0.1	27.9
65Zr35Si	600-1 h	1150	60	–	7.42 ± 0.2	32.3
5%Y-doped-65Zr35Si	600-1 h	1150	60	–	10.60	33	[29]
5%Y-doped-65Zr35Si	600-1 h	1230	40	–	–	39	[27]
70Zr30Si	600-1 h	1240	40	4.72	8.74	40.9	[31]
3%Y-doped-70Zr30Si	600-1 h	1240	40	4.76	9.40	43.2	[31]