Retraction Note: J Mater Sci (2022) 57:20112–20137

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07892-4

The authors have retracted this article. After publication the authors noted there were errors in preparation of solution erosion asphalt specimens section. The authors found soaking the test samples with sulfate and nitrate did not adequately represent the real aqueous environment. The authors, therefore, no longer have confidence in the reliability of their results. The authors have not responded to any correspondence from the editor/publisher about this retraction wording.