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Structural characterization and magnetic behavior of nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in monolithic wood-derived porous carbon

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Abstract

We report a new environmentally friendly and simple method to produce monolithic magnetic composites C/Ni nanoparticles (NiNPs) consisting of highly porous carbon matrix and well-separated Ni nanoparticles covered by graphite-like shells. The method is based on the carbonization of wood with addition of nickel nitrate and wood decomposition product (tar) as a binder. The specific structural features and magnetic properties of the C/NiNPs composites are systematically investigated. We have demonstrated the change in average size of NiNPs from ~ 9 to ~ 18 nm and in their magnetic character from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior by changing the pyrolysis temperature. The macroscopic magnetization 3.5 emu/g (38 emu/g(Ni)) of the obtained porous monolithic nanocomposites with small amount of nickel (8.8 wt.%) in low magnetic field and their ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature make them ideal candidates for use in applications involving magnetic separation (heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption of contaminants in aqueous media, etc.). The resulting maximum magnetization 38 emu/g(Ni) of carbon-encapsulated NiNPs is comparable and even somewhat exceeds that of similar core–shell Ni nanoparticles obtained by other methods. The fundamental question arises whether it is possible to achieve the magnetization for carbon-encapsulated NiNPs as that in the bulk Ni.

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Acknowledgements

The structural characterization was performed using equipment owned by the Joint Research Center “Material science and characterization in advanced technology” (Ioffe Institute, St.-Petersburg, Russia). We are grateful to A.V. Nashchekin for SEM investigations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ioffe Institute, ul. Politekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021

    V. V. Popov, D. A. Kirilenko & T. S. Orlova

  2. St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University, per. Institutskiy 5, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021

    A. A. Spitsyn & D. A. Ponomarev

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  1. V. V. Popov
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Contributions

VVP involved in magnetic measurements and theoretical estimations; conceptualization, and writing and review. AAS involved in preparation of C/NiNPs composites and participation in writing. DAP involved in editing manuscript. DAK involved in TEM investigations and microstructure characterization. TSO involved in conceptualization, writing, review and editing, and microstructure characterization.

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Correspondence to T. S. Orlova.

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Popov, V.V., Spitsyn, A.A., Ponomarev, D.A. et al. Structural characterization and magnetic behavior of nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in monolithic wood-derived porous carbon. J Mater Sci 56, 18493–18507 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06409-9

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