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Self-activated ‘green’ carbon nanoparticles for symmetric solid-state supercapacitors

  • Energy materials
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Abstract

Tuning of porosity and surface properties of nanoparticles especially on carbon-based nanomaterials, adopting a ‘greener’ or self-activation synthesis technique for electrical charge storage, is progressing. Herein, we report the self-activation of Teak wood sawdust in a nitrogen atmosphere at different activation temperatures to synthesize carbon nanoparticles. The activated carbon nanoparticles synthesized at 900 °C exhibits a maximum ~ 360 m2 g−1 surface area with ~ 2 nm average pore size diameter. Five electrolytes viz. KOH, KCl, Na2SO4, NaCl, and H3PO4 are used for studying the supercapacitance nature of the activated carbon nanoparticles in a 3-electrode configuration. A maximum specific capacitance of ~ 208 F g−1 @ 0.25 A g−1 is obtained in 1 M KOH as the electrolyte. Two symmetric supercapacitors, aqueous (1 M KOH) and solid-state (PVA/KOH), are fabricated, and their performance difference is compiled. The solid-state symmetric supercapacitor performs in a wider voltage window (1.7 V) with a superior energy density of 27.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 178 W kg−1.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Gurumurthy Hegde acknowledges DST-Nanomission, Govt of India for providing research grant on “Biowaste based porous nanomaterials for efficient low-cost energy storage devices” [SR/NM/NT-1026/2017]. One of the author Syam G. Krishnan acknowledge Sunway University for providing research grant through Individual Research Grant Scheme (GRTIN-IRG-59-2021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nano-Materials & Displays, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Basavanagudi, Bangalore, 560019, India

    Vinay S. Bhat & Gurumurthy Hegde

  2. Department of Materials Science, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, 574199, India

    Vinay S. Bhat

  3. Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No.2 Jalan Universiti, 46500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Syam G. Krishnan & Mohammad Khalid

  4. Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkla, Thailand

    Titilope John Jayeoye, Thitima Rujiralai & Uraiwan Sirimahachai

  5. Department of Chemistry, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560082, India

    R. Viswanatha

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  1. Vinay S. Bhat
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  2. Syam G. Krishnan
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Contributions

VSB contributed to investigation, formal analysis and writing; SGK contributed to validation and writing; TJJ contributed to investigation; TR contributed to resources and validation; US contributed to resources and validation; VR contributed to validation and formal analysis; MK contributed to validation and formal analysis; GH contributed to conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, supervision and validation.

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Correspondence to Gurumurthy Hegde.

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Bhat, V.S., Krishnan, S.G., Jayeoye, T.J. et al. Self-activated ‘green’ carbon nanoparticles for symmetric solid-state supercapacitors. J Mater Sci 56, 13271–13290 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06154-z

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