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In situ observation of solidification crack propagation for type 310S and 316L stainless steels during TIG welding using synchrotron X-ray imaging

  • Metals & corrosion
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Abstract

In situ observation of solidification cracking at the weld bead during tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for type 310S and 316L austenitic stainless steels without the application of an external force was carried out using synchrotron X-ray radiography. The temperature distribution at the weld bead was simultaneously measured using a high-speed camera to directly determine the temperature, in which the propagation of solidification cracking occurred. The solidification cracking was clearly identified and it continuously propagated in the welding direction. The interface of the solidification cracking showed an irregular and zigzag morphology. It was found that the tip velocity of the solidification cracking periodically changed by translating between the high solid fraction (~ 90%) and the relatively lower solid fraction (~ 70%) regions at the centerline of the weld bead for both the type 310S and 316L stainless steels. The solidification cracking propagated at the lower temperature than the solidus temperature due to the segregation of low melting-point components. The tensile strain and strain rate were highly localized in the propagated area every 0.1 s which was the almost same as the time period, in which the tip velocity of the solidification cracking remarkably increased. The periodicity of the solidification cracking velocity at the weld bead can be explained by the dendrite morphology at each solid fraction and strain rate.

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Acknowledgements

The experiments were performed with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal Nos. 2017A1110, 2017B1116, 2017B1117, 2018A1110, 2018A1111, 2018B1132, and 2019B1439). This study was partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18K18947, 16H04546, and 20K05168.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan

    Tomoya Nagira, Daisuke Yamashita, Masayoshi Kamai, Huihong Liu, Yasuhiro Aoki & Hidetoshi Fujii

  2. National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan

    Tomoya Nagira

  3. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1, Kouto Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan

    Kentaro Uesugi & Akihisa Takeuchi

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  1. Tomoya Nagira
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  2. Daisuke Yamashita
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Correspondence to Tomoya Nagira.

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Video_1.mpg Propagation of solidification cracking for the type 316L stainless steel (MPEG 1010 kb)

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Nagira, T., Yamashita, D., Kamai, M. et al. In situ observation of solidification crack propagation for type 310S and 316L stainless steels during TIG welding using synchrotron X-ray imaging. J Mater Sci 56, 10653–10663 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05969-0

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