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Modulation of biological properties by grain refinement and surface modification on titanium surfaces for implant-related infections

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Abstract

The nanostructured titanium (Ti) obtained by the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) has shown great promise as a biomedical implant material over the past few decades. The present work aims to investigate the effect of topographical changes caused by ECAP and piranha treatment (Tr) on the surface performance and biological properties of Ti for bone tissue engineering applications. The effects of dual treatments, i.e., ECAP and Tr, on Ti were systematically investigated by multiple characterization techniques, surface wettability, apatite-forming ability, cellular behavior, and antibacterial studies. We demonstrate that both ECAP and ECApTr samples possess desirable mechanical and physical properties and are biocompatible to cultured human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells. The potential of adhesion and proliferation of hFOB cells on ECAP and ECApTr samples was found to be superior to that of control unprocessed sample (annealed). Ti samples prepared by both methods showed excellent antimicrobial properties against clinical strains of the most common pathogenic bacteria causing orthopedic implant infections, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This study supports the established claim about mechanical properties improvement by ultrafine refinement and further enhances the antibacterial properties when chemically etched with a piranha solution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, UK (Project Number R265000553597 Nanotechnology in Sub-Sea Power Transmission) for research support. NKV acknowledges funding support from Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore Start-Up Grant (L0412290), and Strategic Academic Initiative Grant (SAI-L0494003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    A. Sandeep Kranthi Kiran & T. S. Sampath Kumar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    A. Sandeep Kranthi Kiran & Mukesh Doble

  3. NUS Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117581, Singapore

    A. Sandeep Kranthi Kiran, Merum Sireesha, Raghavendra Ramalingam & Seeram Ramakrishna

  4. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore

    Atish Kizhakeyil & Navin Kumar Verma

  5. Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Level 17, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore

    Navin Kumar Verma

  6. Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore

    Rajamani Lakshminarayanan

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Sandeep Kranthi Kiran, A., Sireesha, M., Ramalingam, R. et al. Modulation of biological properties by grain refinement and surface modification on titanium surfaces for implant-related infections. J Mater Sci 54, 13265–13282 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03811-2

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