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Varied crystalline orientation of anatase TiO2 nanotubes from [101] to [001] promoted by TiF6 2− ions and their enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

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Abstract

Herein, we report an ionic cross-linkage process of synthesizing [001] preferred oriented anatase TiO2 nanowires and nanotubes hybrid structure (TWTs) based on anodization method wherein varied amounts of TiF6 2− ions are added in synthetic process. We show how the TiF6 2− ions switch the growth direction of TWTs from [101] to [001] (denoted as T101WTs and T001WTs, respectively) and change their geometrical morphologies, i.e., small ionic radii TiF6 2− ions migrate and partly replace the TiO6 2− octahedra under electric field, which separate out and leave vacancies during annealing process, resulting in a reconstruction of TiO2. Importantly, absorption property and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of T001WTs exceed those of T101WTs. Furthermore, CdS QDs are assembled onto TWTs photoelectrodes by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique. Likewise, T001WT/CdS presents superior absorption capability and enhanced PEC performance to those of T101WT/CdS. This could be attributed to their preponderances of improved light absorption capability and decreased electron recombination.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Technology Development Program of Jilin Province (Grant No. 20130206078GX).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130012, China

    Dong Ding, Bo Zhou, Wuyou Fu, Li Liu, Jun Wang & Haibin Yang

  2. College of Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China

    Pin Lv

  3. College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Huizhen Yao

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  1. Dong Ding
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Correspondence to Haibin Yang.

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10853_2017_1754_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Fig. S1 Size analysis (length and width) for nanotubes of T101WTs and T001WTs. Fig. S2 SEM images of T101WTs and T001-2.5WTs before annealing. Fig. S3 EDS spectrum: (a) T101WTs before annealing, (b) T001WTs before annealing, (c) T001WTs after annealing. Fig. S4 UV–Vis absorption spectra of T101WTs and T001WTs. Fig. S5 J–V curves, transient photocurrent responses results and photoconversion efficiencies of T101WTs and T001WTs, respectively. Fig. S6 Incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and (B) absorbed photon-to-current conversion efficiency (APCE) for T101WTs and T001WTs electrodes. Fig. S7 SEM images of T101WTs/CdS. Figure S8 EDS data of T001WTs/CdS. (DOC 7403 kb)

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Ding, D., Zhou, B., Fu, W. et al. Varied crystalline orientation of anatase TiO2 nanotubes from [101] to [001] promoted by TiF6 2− ions and their enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. J Mater Sci 53, 3332–3340 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1754-6

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