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Advances in carbon nanotubes as efficacious supports for palladium-catalysed carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions

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Abstract

Since the 1970s, palladium-catalysed carbon–carbon (C–C) bond formation has made a critical impact in organic synthesis. In early studies, homogeneous palladium catalysts were extensively used for this reaction with limitations such as difficulty in separation and recycling ability. Lately, heterogeneous palladium-based catalysts have shown promise as surrogates for conventional homogeneous catalysts in C–C coupling reactions, since the product is easy to isolate, while the catalyst is reusable and hence sustainable. Recently, a better part of these heterogeneous palladium catalysts are supported on carbon nanotubes (Pd/CNTs), that have shown superior catalytic performance and better recyclability since the CNT support imparts stability to the palladium catalyst. This review discusses the wide variety of surface functionalization techniques for CNTs that improve their properties as catalyst supports, as well as the methods available for loading the catalyst nanoparticles onto the CNTs. It will survey the literature where Pd/CNTs catalysts have been utilized for C–C coupling reactions, with particular emphasis on Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck coupling reactions. It will also highlight some of the important parameters that affect these reactions.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) Nanotechnology Platform Initiative. The authors are grateful to Mr Eric Njogu and Mr Adesuji Elijah Temitope for their contribution to the development of this review.

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  1. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Ayomide H. Labulo, Bice S. Martincigh, Bernard Omondi & Vincent O. Nyamori

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  1. Ayomide H. Labulo
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  2. Bice S. Martincigh
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Correspondence to Vincent O. Nyamori.

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Labulo, A.H., Martincigh, B.S., Omondi, B. et al. Advances in carbon nanotubes as efficacious supports for palladium-catalysed carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions. J Mater Sci 52, 9225–9248 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1128-0

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