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Phase evolution and reaction mechanism during reduction–nitridation process of titanium dioxide with ammonia

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Abstract

Titanium nitride powders were synthesized from titanium dioxide at 1173–1373 K in ammonia atmosphere. The reduction–nitridation products with various fractions obtained at various temperatures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction. The reaction sequence from TiO2 to TiN in ammonia atmosphere was changed by increasing the reaction temperature. The reaction sequence at 1173 K was found as TiO2 → TiN1−xOx → TiN. When the reaction temperature was above 1273 K, the reaction sequence changed to as follows: TiO2 → Ti9O17 → TiN1−xOx → TiN. Ti3O5 was not found as an intermediate phase on account of its instability in NH3 atmosphere. The morphology of the synthesized TiN is closely related to that of the raw materials.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-15-009A3) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1460201).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Hai-Peng Gou, Guo-Hua Zhang & Kuo-Chih Chou

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Hai-Peng Gou & Kuo-Chih Chou

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  1. Hai-Peng Gou
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Correspondence to Guo-Hua Zhang.

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Gou, HP., Zhang, GH. & Chou, KC. Phase evolution and reaction mechanism during reduction–nitridation process of titanium dioxide with ammonia. J Mater Sci 52, 1255–1264 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0420-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0420-8

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