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Biological evaluation of ultra-fine titanium with improved mechanical strength for dental implant engineering

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Abstract

Titanium, the gold standard for dental implant materials, is distinguished by its exceptional biocompatibility; however, from a long-term perspective, titanium still lacks sufficient loading strength. Commercially pure titanium with grain size 30 μm was processed by equal channel angular pressing, and two novel mechanically improved types of titanium material with grain size 4.6 and ≤1 µm were obtained. The surfaces of these ultra-fine grained titanium samples were further mechanically treated by grinding and polishing, and their surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement. Osteoblast-like cells and human mesenchymal stem cells were used to evaluate the cytocompatibility of these titanium samples. The cell metabolic activity, cell number, cell area, morphology, and cell adhesion quality during the early stage (2 h) and prolonged cultivation (48 h) were determined. Both cell types displayed increased initial attachment to all tested titanium materials in comparison to reference tissue culture plastic. Importantly, results revealed that the novel titanium materials with improved strength were equivalent to the original commercially pure titanium, thus confirming their suitability for osteoblast and mesenchymal stem cell growth and proliferation. The present study proved the cytocompatibility of the novel forms of titanium with superior mechanical properties and revealed their potential for manufacturing of long-term dental implants.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the projects CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0076, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03, and CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109 of the European Regional Development Fund, National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) Nr. LO1503 provided by the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, project NT/13297-4 provided by GrantAgency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, project PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3 of First Faculty of Medicine and project PRVOUK P36 of Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, and the program of support and co-operation of companies and universities in the Pilsen region called “Innovation Vouchers.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Lucie Ostrovska, Lucie Vistejnova, Milena Kralickova & Marie Hubalek Kalbacova

  2. COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic

    Jan Dzugan, Peter Slama & Tomas Kubina

  3. Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic

    Egor Ukraintsev

  4. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho namesti 2, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic

    Dana Kubies

  5. Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic

    Marie Hubalek Kalbacova

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  1. Lucie Ostrovska
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Correspondence to Marie Hubalek Kalbacova.

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Ostrovska, L., Vistejnova, L., Dzugan, J. et al. Biological evaluation of ultra-fine titanium with improved mechanical strength for dental implant engineering. J Mater Sci 51, 3097–3110 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9619-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9619-3

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