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Nanostructured Al and Cu alloys with superior strength and electrical conductivity

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Abstract

Mechanical strength and electrical conductivity are the most important properties of conducting metallic materials used in electrical engineering. Today, there is a growing need in this field for innovative conductor materials with improved properties. Meanwhile, the main issue is that high electrical conductivity and high strength are usually mutually exclusive due to physical nature of these properties. Alloying of pure metals results in significant increase of their mechanical strength, whereas electrical conductivity dramatically drops due to the scattering of electrons at solutes and precipitates. Recent studies have shown that intelligent nanostructural design in Al, Cu, and their alloys can improve combination of high mechanical strength with enhanced electrical conductivity. It was demonstrated that mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of these materials are primarily controlled by their microstructure, of which grain size, morphology of second phases, and their distribution, as well as dislocation structure, are the most important parameters. Rapid development of the state-of-the-art methods for the microstructural characterization at nano- and atomic scale has allowed a deeper insight into microstructure–properties relationship. The approach of intelligent nanostructural design of Al and Cu alloys has even enabled to increase the material strength with simultaneous improvement of its electrical conductivity. In this case, recent works on nanostructuring alloys by severe plastic deformation are of special interest, which gives rise to fundamental questions dealing with new mechanisms of strength and electrical conductivity as well as innovation potential of practical application of nanostructured materials. These issues are considered and discussed in the present progress article.

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Notes

  1. Electrical resistivity (ρ) is also used to specify the electrical characteristics of a material. It is simply the reciprocal of the conductivity, or ρ = 1/Ω.

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Acknowledgements

MYuM and RZV acknowledge gratefully the Russian Ministry of Education and Science for funding this work through the Contract No14.B25.31.0017 of 28 June 2013. IS acknowledges gratefully the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding through the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2011-08881).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 K. Marx. Str., Ufa, Russia, 450000

    M. Yu Murashkin & R. Z. Valiev

  2. Laboratory for Mechanics of Bulk Nanomaterials, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospekt, 28, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 198504

    M. Yu Murashkin & R. Z. Valiev

  3. IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain

    I. Sabirov

  4. Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 6634, Université et INSA de Rouen, 76801, Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France

    X. Sauvage

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  1. M. Yu Murashkin
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Murashkin, M.Y., Sabirov, I., Sauvage, X. et al. Nanostructured Al and Cu alloys with superior strength and electrical conductivity. J Mater Sci 51, 33–49 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9354-9

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