Abstract
This work describes a novel supercapacitor electrode based on a glass fiber felt substrate, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and metal oxide layers (RuO2 or MnO2). It is fabricated by the repeated and alternate deposition of SWCNTs and metal oxides via dipping and electrodeposition, respectively, to achieve three-dimensional layered hierarchical structured supercapacitor electrodes. The results show that the layered structured electrodes fabricated by alternating deposition of SWCNTs and metal oxides have higher capacitance as compared with the bulk deposited samples, which are fabricated by deposition of SWCNTs followed by metal oxides. The best configuration studied in this work shows specific capacitance of 72 and 98 F/g for the SWCNT–MnO2 and SWCNT–RuO2, respectively, whereas the corresponding areal capacitances are 0.07 and 0.09 F/cm2. This three-dimensional porous electrode structure design combines the high mechanical stability of the felt substrate with the high conductivity and specific surface area of SWCNTs, and the high capacitance of metal oxides. This will add immensely to the research and development of wearable lightweight electronics in harsh environments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hughes M, Shaffer MSP, Renouf AC, Singh C, Chen GZ, Fray DJ, Windle AH (2002) Electrochemical capacitance of nanocomposite films formed by coating aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes with polypyrrole. Adv Mater 14(5):382–385. doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20020304)14:5<382:aid-adma382>3.0.co;2-y
Khomenko V, Frackowiak E, Beguin F (2005) Determination of the specific capacitance of conducting polymer/nanotubes composite electrodes using different cell configurations. Electrochim Acta 50(12):2499–2506. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.078
Lee H, Kim H, Cho MS, Choi J, Lee Y (2011) Fabrication of polypyrrole (PPy)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite electrode on ceramic fabric for supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 56(22):7460–7466. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.113
Li J, Xie H, Li Y, Liu J, Li Z (2011) Electrochemical properties of graphene nanosheets/polyaniline nanofibers composites as electrode for supercapacitors. J Power Sources 196(24):10775–10781. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.105
Ting W, Kiebele A, Ma J, Mhaisalkar S, Gruner G (2011) Charge transfer between polyaniline and carbon nanotubes supercapacitors: improving both energy and power densities. J Electrochem Soc 158(1):A1–A5. doi:10.1149/1.3505994
Zhong-Shuai W, Da-Wei W, Wencai R, Jinping Z, Guangmin Z, Feng L, Hui-Ming C (2010) Anchoring hydrous RuO2 on graphene sheets for high-performance electrochemical capacitors. Adv Func Mater 20(20):3595–3602. doi:10.1002/adfm.201001054
Kim I-H, Kim J-H, Kim K-B (2005) Electrochemical characterization of electrochemically prepared ruthenium oxide/carbon nanotube electrode for supercapacitor application. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 8(7):A369–A372. doi:10.1149/1.1925067
Dandan Z, Zhi Y, Liying Z, Xinliang F, Yafei Z (2011) Electrodeposited manganese oxide on nickel foam-supported carbon nanotubes for electrode of supercapacitors. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 14(6):93–96. doi:10.1149/1.3562927
Yuan L, Lu X-H, Xiao X, Zhai T, Dai J, Zhang F, Hu B, Wang X, Gong L, Chen J, Hu C, Tong Y, Zhou J, Wang ZL (2012) Flexible solid-state supercapacitors based on carbon nanoparticles/MnO2 nanorods hybrid structure. ACS Nano 6(1):656–661. doi:10.1021/nn2041279
Chen Z, Augustyn V, Wen J, Zhang Y, Shen M, Dunn B, Lu Y (2011) High-performance supercapacitors based on intertwined CNT/V2O5 nanowire nanocomposites. Adv Mater 23(6):791–795. doi:10.1002/adma.201003658
Peng C, Zhang S, Jewell D, Chen GZ (2008) Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors. Prog Nat Sci 18(7):777–788. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.03.002
de las Casas C, Li W (2012) A review of application of carbon nanotubes for lithium ion battery anode material. J Power Sources 208:74–85. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.013
Peigney A, Laurent C, Flahaut E, Bacsa RR, Rousset A (2001) Specific surface area of carbon nanotubes and bundles of carbon nanotubes. Carbon 39(4):507–514
Parkash S (1974) Adsorption of weak and non-electrolytes by activated carbon. Carbon 12(1):37–43. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(74)90038-4
Liu K, Sun Y, Zhou R, Zhu H, Wang J, Liu L, Fan S, Jiang K (2010) Carbon nanotube yarns with high tensile strength made by a twisting and shrinking method. Nanotechnology 21(4):045708. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/4/045708
Bose S, Kuila T, Mishra AK, Rajasekar R, Kim NH, Lee JH (2012) Carbon-based nanostructured materials and their composites as supercapacitor electrodes. J Mater Chem 22(3):767–784. doi:10.1039/c1jm14468e
Pan H, Li J, Feng YP (2010) Carbon nanotubes for supercapacitor. Nanoscale Res Lett 5(3):654–668. doi:10.1007/s11671-009-9508-2
Liu X, Pickup PG (2011) Carbon fabric supported manganese and ruthenium oxide thin films for supercapacitors. J Electrochem Soc 158(3):A241–A249. doi:10.1149/1.3525591
Park JH, Ko JM, Park OO (2003) Carbon nanotube/RuO2 nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors. J Electrochem Soc 150(7):A864–A867. doi:10.1149/1.1576222
Kim Y-T, Tadai K, Mitani T (2005) Highly dispersed ruthenium oxide nanoparticles on carboxylated carbon nanotubes for supercapacitor electrode materials. J Mater Chem 15(46):4914–4921. doi:10.1039/b511869g
Hsieh T-F, Chuang C-C, Chen W-J, Huang J-H, Chen W-T, Shu C-M (2012) Hydrous ruthenium dioxide/multi-walled carbon-nanotube/titanium electrodes for supercapacitors. Carbon 50(5):1740–1747. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.12.017
Kim I-H, Kim J-H, Lee Y-H, Kim K-B (2005) Synthesis and characterization of electrochemically prepared ruthenium oxide on carbon nanotube film substrate for supercapacitor applications. J Electrochem Soc 152(11):A2170–A2178. doi:10.1149/1.2041147
Hou Y, Cheng Y, Hobson T, Liu J (2010) Design and synthesis of hierarchical MnO2 nanospheres/carbon nanotubes/conducting polymer ternary composite for high performance electrochemical electrodes. Nano Lett 10(7):2727–2733. doi:10.1021/nl101723g
Sang-Bok M, Kyung-Wan N, Won-Sub Y, Xiao-Qing Y, Kyun-Young A, Ki-Hwan O, Kwang-Bum K (2008) Electrochemical properties of manganese oxide coated onto carbon nanotubes for energy-storage applications. J Power Sources 178(1):483–489. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.027
Amade R, Jover E, Caglar B, Mutlu T, Bertran E (2011) Optimization of MnO2/vertically aligned carbon nanotube composite for supercapacitor application. J Power Sources 196(13):5779–5783. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.029
Wang W, Guo S, Lee I, Ahmed K, Zhong J, Favors Z, Zaera F, Ozkan M, Ozkan CS (2014) Hydrous ruthenium oxide nanoparticles anchored to graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam for supercapacitors. Sci Rep. doi:10.1038/srep04452
Portet C, Taberna PL, Simon P, Flahaut E, Laberty-Robert C (2005) High power density electrodes for carbon supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 50(20):4174–4181. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.038
Moore JJ, Kang JH, Wen JZ (2012) Fabrication and characterization of single walled nanotube supercapacitor electrodes with uniform pores using electrophoretic deposition. Mater Chem Phys 134(1):68–73. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.02.030
Girishkumar G, Rettker M, Underhile R, Binz D, Vinodgopal K, McGinn P, Kamat P (2005) Single-wall carbon nanotube-based proton exchange membrane assembly for hydrogen fuel cells. Langmuir 21(18):8487–8494. doi:10.1021/la051499j
Yu D, Dai L (2010) Self-assembled graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid films for supercapacitors. J Phys Chem Lett 1(2):467–470
Il-Hwan K, Jae-Hong K, Kwang-Bum K (2005) Electrochemical characterization of electrochemically prepared ruthenium oxide/carbon nanotube electrode for supercapacitor application. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 8(7):369–372. doi:10.1149/1.1925067
Lv P, Zhang P, Feng Y, Li Y, Feng W (2012) High-performance electrochemical capacitors using electrodeposited MnO2 on carbon nanotube array grown on carbon fabric. Electrochim Acta 78:515–523. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.085
Rakhi RB, Cha D, Chen W, Alshareef HN (2011) Electrochemical energy storage devices using electrodes incorporating carbon nanocoils and metal oxides nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 115(29):14392–14399. doi:10.1021/jp202519e
Yu G, Hu L, Vosgueritchian M, Wang H, Xie X, McDonough JR, Cui X, Cui Y, Bao Z (2011) Solution-processed graphene/MnO2 nanostructured textiles for high-performance electrochemical capacitors. Nano Lett 11(7):2905–2911. doi:10.1021/nl2013828
Masarapu C, Zeng HF, Hung KH, Wei B (2009) Effect of temperature on the capacitance of carbon nanotube supercapacitors. ACS Nano 3(8):2199–2206. doi:10.1021/nn900500n
Hastak RS, Sivaraman P, Potphode DD, Shashidhara K, Samui AB (2012) All solid supercapacitor based on activated carbon and poly [2,5-benzimidazole] for high temperature application. Electrochim Acta 59:296–303. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.102
Dileo RA, Castiglia A, Ganter MJ, Rogers RE, Cress CD, Raffaelle RP, Landi BJ (2010) Enhanced capacity and rate capability of carbon nanotube based anodes with titanium contacts for lithium ion batteries. ACS Nano 4(10):6121–6131. doi:10.1021/nn1018494
Niu C, Sichel EK, Hoch R, Moy D, Tennent H (1997) High power electrochemical capacitors based on carbon nanotube electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 70(11):1480–1482. doi:10.1063/1.118568
Hu L, Pasta M, Mantia FL, Cui L, Jeong S, Deshazer HD, Choi JW, Han SM, Cui Y (2010) Stretchable, porous and conductive energy textiles. Nano Lett 10(2):708–714. doi:10.1021/nl903949m
Acknowledgements
This Research was conducted by NTU-HUJ-BGU Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Management Programme under the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), which is supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fam, D.W.H., Azoubel, S., Liu, L. et al. Novel felt pseudocapacitor based on carbon nanotube/metal oxides. J Mater Sci 50, 6578–6585 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9199-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9199-2