Abstract
High-quality Cd0.5Zn0.5Se nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 2.6 to 4.3 nm were synthesized via intensive mechanical milling for up to 20 h. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and broadening of the diffraction peaks increased with increasing ball milling process and later decreased. XRD pattern confirmed a dominant zinc blende phase at (x = 0.5) composition. The optical spectra of the nanoparticles exhibited an onset absorption peak at 349 nm, with maximum absorption at 290 nm. The luminescence properties of the nanoparticles at room temperature were analyzed via photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing band-edge emission at 354 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit broad emission band at the range of (380–508) nm photon energy. The PL spectrum has two distinctive shoulders at 403 and 450 nm. Band emissions of 1.74, 1.54 and 1.4 eV at longer wavelengths that were associated with the surface state were also observed. High-transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed the successful annihilation of such defects with continuous milling.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhang R, Yang P (2013) Formation of highly luminescent Zn1-xCdxSe nanocrystals using CdSe and ZnSe seeds. J Phys Chem Solids 74(5):759–764
Tan G (2003) Synthesis and optical characterization of CdTe nanocrystals prepared by ball milling process. Scr Mater 48(10):1469–1474
Zhong X, Zhang Z, Liu S, Han M, Knoll W (2004) Embryonic nuclei-Induced alloying process for the reproducible synthesis of blue-emitting Zn x Cd 1-x Se nanocrystals with long-time thermal stability in size distribution and emission Wavelength. J Phys Chem B 108(40):15552–15559
Zhong X, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Gu Z, Zou L (2007) A facile route to violet- to orange-emitting Cd x Zn 1-x Se alloy nanocrystals via cation exchange reaction. Nanotechnology 18(38):385606
Zhong X, Han M, Dong Z, White TJ, Knoll W (2003) Composition-tunable Zn(x)Cd(1-x)Se nanocrystals with high luminescence and stability. J Am Chem Soc 125(28):8589–8594
Dutková E, Baláž P, Pourghahramani P, Nguyen AV, Šepelák V, Feldhoff A, Kováč J, Šatka A (2008) Mechanochemical solid state synthesis and characterization of CdxZn1–xS nanocrystals. Solid State Ionics 179(21–26):1242–1245
Patra S, Pradhan SK (2010) Microstructure and optical characterization of CdTe quantum dots synthesized in a record minimum time. J Appl Phys 108(8):083515
Patra S, Satpati B, Pradhan SK (2009) Microstructure characterization of mechanically synthesized ZnS quantum dots. J Appl Phys 106(3):034313
Ribárik G, Gubicza J, Ungár T (2004) Correlation between strength and microstructure of ball-milled Al–Mg alloys determined by X-ray diffraction. Mater Sci Eng A 387–389:343–347
Sain S, Patra S, Pradhan SK (2012) Quickest ever single-step mechanosynthesis of Cd0.5Zn0.5S quantum dots: nanostructure and optical characterizations. Mater Res Bull 47(4):1062–1072
Sain S, Pradhan SK (2011) Mechanochemical solid state synthesis of (Cd0.8Zn0.2)S quantum dots: microstructure and optical characterizations. J Alloys Compd 509(10):4176–4184
Sain S, Patra S, Pradhan SK (2011) Microstructure and optical band-gap of mechano-synthesized Cd x Zn 1–x S quantum dots. J Phys D Appl Phys 44(7):075101
Baláž P, Achimovičová M, Baláž M, Billik P, Cherkezova-Zheleva Z, Criado JM, Delogu F, Dutková E, Gaffet E, Gotor FJ, Kumar R, Mitov I, Rojac T, Senna M, Streletskii A, Wieczorek-Ciurowa K (2013) Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology. Chem Soc Rev 42(18):7571–7637
James SL, Adams CJ, Bolm C, Braga D, Collier P, Friščić T, Grepioni F, Harris KDM, Hyett G, Jones W, Krebs A, Mack J, Maini L, Orpen Ga, Parkin IP, Shearouse WC, Steed JW, Waddell DC (2012) Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 41(1):413–447
Gupta P, Chaudhuri S (1995) Optical properties of ZnxCd1-xSe films. Thin Solid Films 260:75–85
Tan GL, Du JH, Zhang QJ (2009) Structural evolution and optical properties of CdSe nanocrystals prepared by mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd 468(1–2):421–431
Charbonnier J, de Rango P, Fruchart D, Miraglia S, Pontonnier L, Rivoirard S, Skryabina N, Vulliet P (2004) Hydrogenation of transition element additives (Ti, V) during ball milling of magnesium hydride. J Alloys Compd 383(1–2):205–208
Radoi R, de Andres M, Fernandez P, Piqueras J (2004) Luminescence properties of mechanically milled ZnSe. Phys Status Solidi 201(14):3183–3187
Tan G, Li S, Murowchick JB, Wisner C, Leventis N, Peng Z (2011) Preparation of uncapped CdSe1–xSx semiconducting nanocrystals by mechanical alloying. J Appl Phys 110(12):124306
Li J, Wang M, Huo X, Yao X (2008) Preparation and optical properties of dispersible ZnSe nanocrystals synthesized by high energy ball milling. Ceram Int 34(4):1077–1080
Ashy MF, Ferreira PJ, Schodek DL (2009) Nanomaterials, nanotechnologies and design:An introduction for engineers and architects. Butterworth-Heimann, UK
Zhang B, Yasuda T, Wang W, Segawa Y, Edamatsu K, Itoh T, Yaguchi H, Onabe K (1998) A new approach to ZnCdSe quantum dots. Mater Sci Eng B 51(1–3):127–131
Wu Y (1994) Structure-dependent threshold current density for CdZnSe-based II-VI semiconductor lasers. Quantum Electron 30(7):1562–1573
Kale RB, Lokhande CD, Mane RS, Han S-H (2007) Cd0.5Zn0.5Se wide range composite thin films for solar cell buffer layer application. Appl Surf Sci 253(6):3109–3112
Valerini D, Cretí A, Lomascolo M, Manna L, Cingolani R, Anni M (2005) Temperature dependence of the photoluminescence properties of colloidal CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots embedded in a polystyrene matrix. Phys Rev B 71(23):235409
Al-Bassam AAI, Elani UA (2013) Band gap and deep level of ZnxCd1-xSe mixed crystal cells. Energy Procedia 32:216–221
Pal U, Muñoz-Avila S, Prado-González L, Silva-González R, Gracia-Jiménez J (2001) Effect of laser annealing on the distribution of defect levels in CdSe films. Thin Solid Films 381(1):155–159
Mićić OI, Sprague J, Lu Z, Nozik AJ (1996) Highly efficient band-edge emission from InP quantum dots. Appl Phys Lett 68(22):3150–3152
Mićić OI, Cheong HM, Fu H, Zunger A, Sprague JR, Mascarenhas A, Nozik AJ (1997) Size-dependent spectroscopy of InP quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 5647(97):4904–4912
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Exploratory Research Grant Scheme Grant No. 5527051 and the TETFund Nigeria.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muh’d, I.B., Talib, Z.A., Zainal, Z. et al. Mechanochemical solid state synthesis and optical properties of Cd0.5Zn0.5Se nanocrystals. J Mater Sci 50, 457–462 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8605-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8605-5