Abstract
The rheological and dynamic mechanical properties of polymer-based composites of Sm2Co17 and polyamide-12 with different particle loadings, sizes, and surface treatments are reported. Sm2Co17 particles were surface-treated with three different silanes: 3-glycidoxy(propyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-amino(propyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS), and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). It was shown, for the composites with untreated particles, that the viscosity and storage modulus increased with increasing filler content (0–60 vol%) and decreasing filler particle size. In addition, the glass transition temperature increased significantly and the damping decreased with increasing filler content. Of the silanes, the MTMS, which yielded only a thin surface layer, had in general the least effect on the rheological properties of the composite. The composite containing the APTMS-coated filler showed the highest storage modulus. The results give new insights on how to prepare polymer-bonded magnets with optimal process conditions (rheology) and dynamic mechanical properties, by varying the amount of particles, their size, and surface treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Otaigbe JU, Xiao J, Kim H, Constantinidis S (1999) Influence of filler surface treatments on processability and properties of polymer-bonded Nd–Fe–B magnets. J Mater Sci Lett 18:329–332
Ma BM, Herchenroderer JW, Smith B, Suda M, Brown DN, Chen Z (2002) Recent development in bonded NdFeB magnets. J Magn Magn Mater 239:418–423
Hamano M (1995) Overview and outlook of bonded magnets in Japan. Jpn J Alloy Compd 222:8–12
Saini DR, Shenoy AV, Nadkarni VM (1984) Dynamic mechanical properties of highly loaded ferrite-filled thermoplastic elastomer. J Appl Polym Sci 29:4123–4143
Shenoy AV (1999) Rheology of filled polymer systems. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Yudin VE, Otaigbe JU, Svetlichnyi VM, Kortykova EN, Almjasheva OV (2008) Dynamic mechanical behavior of filled polyethylenes and model composites. Express Polym Lett 2:485–493
Otaigbe JU, Kim HS, Xiao J (1999) Effect of coupling agent and filler particle size on melt rheology of polymer-bonded Nd–Fe–B Magnets. Polym Compos 20:697–704
Kim S, Kim H-J (2003) Curing behavior and viscoelastic properties of pine and wattle tannin-based adhesives studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy. J Adhes Sci Technol 17:1369–1383
Qadeer MI, Azhdar B, Hedenqvist MS, Savage SJ (2013) Improved oxidation resistance of Sm–Co magnetic alloy powders by silanisation. Prog Org Coat 76:94–100
Qadeer MI, Azhdar B, Hedenqvist MS, Savage SJ (2012) Anomalous high temperature oxidation of Sm2(Fe Co, Cu, Zr)17 particles. Corros Sci 65:453–460
Qadeer MI, Savage SJ, Hedenqvist MS (2013) High temperature magnetic properties of Sm–Co and Sm–Co/polyamide 12 materials; effects of temperature, particle size and silanization. J Mater Sci 48:8163–8170. doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7629-6
Krook M, Gällstedt M, Hedenqvist MS (2005) A study on montmorillonite/polyethylene nanocomposite extrusion-coated paperboard. Packag Technol Sci 18:11–20
Lobe VM, White JL (1979) An experimental study of the influence of carbon black on the rheological properties of a polystyrene melt. Polym Eng Sci 19:617–624
Minagawa N, White JL (1976) The influence of titanium dioxide on the rheological and extrusion properties of polymer melts. J Appl Polym Sci 20:501–523
Farris RJ (1968) Prediction of the viscosity of multimodal suspensions from unimodal viscosity data. Trans Soc Rheol 12:281–301
Van Krevelen DW (1976) Properties of polymers, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Hansen CM (2000) Hansen solubility parameters. CRC, Boca Raton
Hornsby PR (1999) Rheology, compounding and processing of filled thermoplastics. Adv Polym Sci 139:155–217
Hornsby PR, Mthupha A (1994) Rheological characterization of polypropylene filled with magnesium hydroxide. J Mater Sci 29:5293–5301. doi:10.1007/BF01171538
Bomal Y, Godard P (1996) Melt viscosity of calcium-carbonate-filled low density polyethylene: influence of matrix-filler and particle–particle interactions. Polym Eng Sci 36:237–243
Rahail Parvaiz M, Mahanwar PA, Mohanty S, Nayak Sanjay KJ (2010) Morphological, mechanical, thermal, electrical and rheological properties of polycarbonate composites reinforced with surfaces modified mica. Miner Mater Charact Eng 9:985–996
Chen X, Yu J, Guo S (2006) Structure and properties of polypropylene composites filled with magnesium hydroxide. J Appl Polym Sci 102:4943–4951
Osman MA, Atallah A, Schweizer T, Öttinger HC (2004) Particle–particle and particle–matrix interactions in calcite filled high-density polyethylene—steady shear. J Rheol 48:1167–1184
Osman MA, Atallah A (2005) Interparticle and particle–matrix interactions in polyethylene reinforcement and viscoelasticity. Polymer 46:9476–9488
Iisaka K, Shibayama K (1978) Effect of filler particle size on dynamic mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 22:1321–1330
Robertsson CG, Lin CJ, Rackaitis M, Roland CM (2008) Influence of particle size and polymer-filler coupling on viscoelastic glass transition of particle-reinforced polymers. Macromolecules 41:2727–2731
Liang J-Z (2010) Predictions of storage modulus of glass bead-filled low-density-polyethylene composites. Mater Sci Appl 1:343–349
Huang R, Xu X, Lee S, Zhang Y, Kim B-J, Wu Q (2013) High density polyethylene composites reinforced with hybrid inorganic fillers: morphology, mechanical and thermal expansion performance. Materials 6:4122–4138
Chacko VP, Karasz FE, Farris RJ (1982) Dynamic mechanical behavior of filled polyethylenes and model composites. Polym Eng Sci 22:968–974
Ziegel KD, Romanov A (1973) Modulus reinforcement in elastomer composites. I. Inorganic fillers. J Appl Polym Sci 17:1119–1131
www.magnete.de. Accessed 02 Jul 2014
John MJ, Anandjiwala RD (2009) Characterization of viscoelastic properties of flax reinforced polypropylene composites. In: Proceedings of ICCM-17, Edinburgh, 2009
Lewis TB, Nielsen LE (1970) Dynamic mechanical properties of particulate-filled composites. J Appl Polym Sci 14:1449–1471
Cousin P, Smith P (1994) Dynamic mechanical properties of sulfonated polystyrene/alumina composites. J Polym Sci B 32:459–468
Amdouni N, Sautereau H, Gerard JF (1992) Epoxy composites based on glass beads. I. Viscoelastic properties. J Appl Polym Sci 45:1799–1810
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qadeer, M.I., Savage, S.J., Gedde, U.W. et al. Rheological and dynamic mechanical properties of polymer-bonded magnets based on Sm2Co17 and polyamide-12. J Mater Sci 49, 7529–7538 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8460-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8460-4