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Effect of filler functionalization on thermo-mechanical properties of polyamide-12/carbon nanofibers composites: a study of filler–matrix molecular interactions

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Abstract

The effect of carbon nanofiber (CNF) functionalization on the thermo-mechanical properties of polyamide-12/CNF nanocomposites was investigated. Three main different surface treatments were performed to obtain CNF-OH (OH rich), CNF-Silane (C6H5Si–O–), and CNF-peroxide. CNF modified with poly-(tert-butyl acrylate) chains grown from the surface via ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) were also prepared and tested. The modified CNFs and neat CNFs were used as fillers in polyamide-12 nanocomposites and the properties of the ensuing materials were characterized and compared. Universal tensile tests demonstrated a substantial increase (up to 20 %) of the yield strength, without reduction of the final elongation, for all functionalized samples tested within 1 wt% filler content. Further evidences of mechanical properties improvement were given by dynamic mechanical thermal analyses. CNFs functionalized with poly-(tert-butyl acrylate) and silane exhibited the best performance with stiffening and strengthening at low (≤1 wt%) filler loadings, via a partial decrease of the intensity of β-transitions attributed to favorable interactions between the functional groups on the surface of functionalized CNFs and polyamide-12. CNFs treated with peroxide proved to be the most simple preparation technique and the ensuing nanocomposites exhibited the highest storage modulus at high (5 wt%) filler content. Theoretical simulations using the micro-mechanics model were used to predict the Young modulus of the composites and compare them with experimental data. The results obtained suggest a synergistic effect between the matrix and the filler enhanced by surface functionalization.

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Acknowledgements

Marcos Ghislandi acknowledges the European Commission for his Erasmus Mundus Scholarship (via EMMS - Joint European Masters in Materials Science) and CNPq in Brazil. Dr. Jean Carlos Lorenzzi’s technical support in the preparation of CNF-Perox samples is appreciated. CICECO acknowledges FCT for Pest-C/CTM/LA0011/2011 project.

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Author notes

  1. Marcos Ghislandi

    Present address: CETENE—Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire 1 (CDU), Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil

  2. Luis A. S. de A. Prado

    Present address: Altran GmbH & Co KG, Airbus-Allee 3, 28199, Bremen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Polymers and Composites, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Marcos Ghislandi, Luis A. S. de A. Prado & Karl Schulte

  2. Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Marcos Ghislandi & Ana Barros-Timmons

  3. King Abdulaziz University, Jidda, Saudi Arabia

    Karl Schulte

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  1. Marcos Ghislandi
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Correspondence to Luis A. S. de A. Prado.

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Ghislandi, M., de A. Prado, L.A.S., Schulte, K. et al. Effect of filler functionalization on thermo-mechanical properties of polyamide-12/carbon nanofibers composites: a study of filler–matrix molecular interactions. J Mater Sci 48, 8427–8437 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7655-4

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