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Improving the interfacial adhesion in a new renewable resource-based biocomposites from biofuel coproduct and biodegradable plastic

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Abstract

Biocomposites of a biopolymer and the coproduct of corn bioethanol industry, dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), were produced by reactive melt extrusion and injection molding. The biopolymer matrix was a blend of polyhydroxy(butyrate-co-valrerate), PHBV, and poly(butylene adipate-co-terphthalate), PBAT. The effect of compatibilizer, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI), and corn oil lubricant was studied. The change in melt processing force suggested the occurrence of chemical reactions during the processing. This hypothesis was further investigated by infrared spectroscopy by which the formation of urethane and urea bonds between DDGS and polymeric matrix was approved. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the occurrence of crosslinks at PBAT–PHBV interface showing that the tan δ curves for PBAT and PHBV of the matrix shifted slightly towards each other. Moreover, the calculated parameter of interaction, A, from tan δ curves admitted the stronger bond at the DDGS–matrix interface as a result of addition of PMDI compatibilizer. Also, scanning electron microscopy images revealed improved interfacial adhesion at the DDGS–matrix interface as well as PBAT–PHBV interface within the matrix itself. The obtained crosslinked interfaces resulted in improvement in the strength, modulus, and elongation-at-break of biocomposites. Moreover, a synergism of PMDI and corn oil effects led to a dramatic improvement in impact strength of this biocomposite system so that the respective value for the prepared DDGS biocomposite increased from 75 to 212 J/m with addition of 1 % of PMDI and 3 % of corn oil.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Ontario ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs (OMAFRA), Ontario Canada, for the financial support of this work through highly qualified personnel (HQP) scholarship program, and alternative renewable fuels plus (ARF+) research program. Again, the financial support of NSERC NCE AUTO21 project is highly appreciated. We also express our gratitude to the collaboration of GreenField Ethanol Inc., Chatham, Canada, for supplying DDGS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Nima Zarrinbakhsh, Amar K. Mohanty & Manjusri Misra

  2. Department of Plant Agriculture, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Nima Zarrinbakhsh, Amar K. Mohanty & Manjusri Misra

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  1. Nima Zarrinbakhsh
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  2. Amar K. Mohanty
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  3. Manjusri Misra
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Correspondence to Manjusri Misra.

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Zarrinbakhsh, N., Mohanty, A.K. & Misra, M. Improving the interfacial adhesion in a new renewable resource-based biocomposites from biofuel coproduct and biodegradable plastic. J Mater Sci 48, 6025–6038 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7399-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7399-1

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