Abstract
The development of comprehensive and reliable microstructure characterization tools is very necessary for the understanding and modelling of both the formation of different phases during processing and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. A series of samples containing different phases with a BCC structure have been characterised using different techniques including optical microscopy (OM), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) with secondary electron (SE) and back scattered electron (BSE) modes, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that it is difficult to distinguish ferrite from bainite especially granular bainitic ferrite using conventional OM and FEG-SEM (SE) techniques, whereas FEG-SEM (BSE) and EBSD are the most suitable techniques to differentiate them. A new EBSD method has been developed to dissociate and quantify ferrite, bainite and martensite in multi-phase AHSS steels. This method has been proven to be pertinent and has been validated using reference specimens.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
LePera FS (1980) J Met 32:38
LePera FS (1979) Metallography 12:263
Angeli J, Fuereder E, Panholzer M (2006) Pract Metall 43:489
Wilson AW, Madison JD, Spanos G (2001) Scripta Mater 45:1335
Wu J, Wray PJ, Garcia CI, Hua M, DeArdo AJ (2005) ISIJ Int 45:254
Kang JY, Kim DH, Baik SI, Ahn TH, Kim YW, Han HN, Oh KH, Lee HC, Han SH (2011) ISIJ Int 51:130
De Meyer M, Kestens L, De Cooman BC (2001) Mater Sci Technol 17:1353
Hutchinson B, Ryde L, Lindh E, Tagashira K (1998) Mater Sci Eng A 257:9
Petrov R, Kestens L, Wasilkowska A, Houbaert Y (2007) Mater Sci Eng A 447:285
Ryde L (2006) Mater Sci Technol 22:1297
Zaefferer S, Romano P, Friedel F (2008) J Microsc 230:499
Habraken L (1958) In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on electron microscopy. Springer, Berlin, p 621
Qiao ZX, Liu YC, Yu LM, Gao ZM (2009) J Alloys Compd 475:560
Wu K, Li Z, Guo AM, He X, Zhang L, Fang A, Cheng L (2006) ISIJ Int 46:161
Araki T et al (eds) (1992) Atlas for bainitic microstructures, continuous-cooled Zw microstructures of low-carbon steels, vol 1. Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Tokyo, p 4
Cizek P, Wynne BP, Davies CHJ, Muddle BC, Hodgson PD (2002) Metall Trans 33A:1331
Zajac S, Komenda J, Morris P, Dierickx P, Matera S, Penalba Diaz F (2004) Contract No 7210-PR/247, EUR 21245 EN
Ohtani H, Okaguchi S, Fujishiro Y, Ohmori Y (1990) Metall Trans 21A:877
Ohmori Y (2001) ISIJ Int 41:554
Azuma M, Fujita N, Takahashi M, Senuma T, Quidort D, Lung T (2005) ISIJ Int 45:221
Krauss G, Thompson SW (1995) ISIJ Int 35:937
Wynne BP, Cizek P, Davies CHJ, Muddle BC, Hodgson PD (1997) In: Chandra T, Sakai T (eds) Proceedings of the international conference THERMEC’97, vol 1. TMS, Warrendale, p 837
Krauss G, Thompson SW (1994) Final report of Bainite Research Committee. ISIJ, Tokyo 97
Steven W, Haynes AG (1956) J Iron Steel Inst 183:349
Woo CJ (2003) Metall Trans 34A:2025
Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li L, Liu W (2009) J Iron Steel Res Int 16:73
Kong J, Xie C (2006) Mater Des 27:1169
Du LX, Yi HL, Ding H, Liu XH, Wang GD (2006) J Iron Steel Res Int 13:37
Sung HK, Shin SY, Hwang B, Lee CG, Kim NJ, Lee S (2011) Mater Sci Eng A 530:530
Huang F, Liu J, Deng ZJ, Cheng JH, Lu ZH, Li XG (2010) Mater Sci Eng A 527:6997
Kawata H, Hayashi K, Sugiura N, Yoshinaga N, Takahashi M (2010) Mater Sci Forum 638–642:3307
Zaefferer S, Ohlert J, Bleck W (2004) Acta Mater 52:2765
Dillien S, Seefeldt M, Allain S, Bouaziz O, Houtte PV (2010) Mater Sci Eng A 527:947
Speich GR (1981) In: Kot RA, Bramfitt BL (eds) Fundamentals of dual-phase steels. Metallurgical Society of AIME, Chicago, p 3
Mitsche S, Pölt P, Sommitsch C, Walter M (2003) In: Robert L (ed) Microscopy and microanalysis, vol 9. Cambridge University Press, Texas, p 344
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Drs. Manabu Takahashi, Masafumi Azuma, Yoshihiro Suwa and Astrid Perlade for fruitful and helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, K., Barbier, D. & Iung, T. Characterization and quantification methods of complex BCC matrix microstructures in advanced high strength steels. J Mater Sci 48, 413–423 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6756-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6756-9