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Nontoxic poly(ethylene oxide phosphonamidate) hydrogels as templates for biomimetic mineralization of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite architectures

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Abstract

A simple protocol has been developed for the creation of the biomimetic hybrid materials, calcium carbonate, and hydroxyapatite, by in situ growth and mineralization in newly developed nontoxic hydrogel templates. A series of poly(ethylene oxide phosphonamidate) hydrogels with different network structures were synthesized by reacting various poly(ethylene glycol)s with phosphorous oxychloride and diamines in a one-pot protocol, which exhibits promising advantages including a short reaction time, an easy separation, and a high yield with a mass producible feasibility. The hydrogels were proven to be nontoxic according to an in vitro viability assay using human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Careful control of growth and mineralization conditions such as ions transport rate, pH, type of hydrogel, and mineralization temperature resulted in a variety of calcium carbonate and hydroxylapatite architectures including nanorods, nanowires, and well-defined hybrid structures. The resulting materials were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopes, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The WCU Centre for Synthetic Polymer Bioconjugate Hybrid Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea

    Lidong Zhang, Song I. Song, Sudan Zheng, Seong Jae Yu & Il Kim

  2. National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea

    Kwang-Ho Kim

  3. Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea

    Hongsuk Suh

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  1. Lidong Zhang
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  2. Song I. Song
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  3. Sudan Zheng
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  4. Seong Jae Yu
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  5. Kwang-Ho Kim
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  6. Hongsuk Suh
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  7. Il Kim
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Correspondence to Il Kim.

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Zhang, L., Song, S.I., Zheng, S. et al. Nontoxic poly(ethylene oxide phosphonamidate) hydrogels as templates for biomimetic mineralization of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite architectures. J Mater Sci 48, 288–298 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6744-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6744-0

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