Abstract
Nanostructured cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films, prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, were annealed at different temperatures in air. Surface dark and photoconduction properties of the nanostructured CdS thin films were studied as a function of bias voltage and sample cell temperature using surface type cell configurations. Photoresponse, monitored by photoconductivity, of the films was observed to be controllable by annealing of the films, showing maximum photoresponse for the films annealed at 300 °C. In contrast to the reported spectral response/photoresponse of bulk CdS mainly in the visible range, the nanostructured CdS thin films after annealing have shown photoresponse predominantly in the UV range indicating the suitability of these thin films for photodetection in the UV range. Photoconductivity of these thin films has been studied as a function of the intensity (I B) of light. The gamma (γ) values which represent the characteristics of the photoconducting systems have been found to depend on the annealing temperature. Studies on the photoconductivity versus bias voltage for the CdS thin films annealed at different temperatures were carried out for both monochromatic and polychromatic light. Such studies have indicated that nanostructured CdS thin films could be useful for solar cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Murry CB, Kagan CR, Bawendi MG (1995) Science 270:1335
Paul S, Kanwal A, Chhowalla M (2006) Nanotechnology 17:145
Mihai GD, Meynen V, Mertens M, Bitha N, Cool P (2010) J Mater Sci 45:5786. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4652-8
Karan S, Mallik B (2008) Nanotechnology 19:495202
Karan S, Mallik B (2007) J Phys Chem C 111:7352
Karan S, Mallik B (2008) J Phys Chem C 112:2436
Kanjilal A, Song M, Furuya K, Mallik B (2007) J Phys D Appl Phys 40:5044
Deorsola FA, Vallauri D (2011) J Mater Sci 46:781. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4814-8
Partain LD, Sullivan GJ, Birchenall CE (1979) J Appl Phys 50:551
Ghosh S, Mukherjee A, Kim H, Lee C (2003) Mater Chem Phys 78:726
Hayashi T, Nishikura T, Suzuki T, Ema Y (1988) J Appl Phys 64:3542
Ullrich B, Sakai H, Segawa Y (2001) Thin Solid Films 385:220
Grazel CK, Gratzel M (1979) J Am Chem Soc 101:7741
Singh RS, Rangari VK, Sanagapalli S, Jayaraman V, Mahendra S, Singh VP (2004) Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 82:315
Schon H, Schenker O, Batlogg B (2001) Thin Solid Films 385:271
Ohara Y, Nakabayashi T, Iwasaki K, Torimoto T, Ohtani B, Hiratani T, Konishi K, Ohta N (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:20927
Yu Z, Li J, B. O’Connor D, Wang L-W, Barbara PF (2003) J Phys Chem B 107:5670
Karan S, Mallik B (2007) J Phys Chem C 111:16734
Majumder M, Karan S, Chakraborty AK, Mallik B (2010) Spectrochem Acta A 76:115
Mehata MS, Majumder M, Mallik B, Ohta N (2010) J Phys Chem C 114:5594
Majumder M, Karan S, Mallik B (2011) J Lumin 131:2792
Zhang P, Gao L (2003) Langmuir 19:208
Zhang G, He P, Ma X, Kuang Y, Liu J, Sun X (2012) Inorg Chem 51:1302
Jun Y-W, Lee S-M, Kang N-J, Cheon J (2001) J Am Chem Soc 123:5150
Zhuang Z, Lu X, Peng Q, Li Y (2010) J Am Chem Soc 132:1819
Sambandam B, Manoharan PT (2009) J Phys Chem C 113:9486
Chen M, Xie Y, Qiao Z, Zhu Y, Qian Y (2000) J Mater Chem 10:329
Karami H, Kaboli A (2010) Int J Electrochem Sci 5:706
Cox JD, Singh MR, Racknor C, Agarwal R (2011) Nano Lett 11:5284
Ortega-Borges R, Lincot D (1993) J Electrochem Soc 140:3464
Dhanam M, Balasundaraprabhu R, Jayakumar S, Gopalakrishnan P, Kannan MD (2002) Phys Status Solidi A 191:149
Kozhevnikova NS, Rempel AA, Hergert F, Mager A (2009) Thin Solid Films 517:2586
Karan S, Mallik B (2007) Solid State Commun 143:289
Majumder M, Chakraborty AK, Mallik B (2010) J Lumin 130:497
Boakye F, Nusenu D (1997) Solid State Commun 102:323
Cardona M, Weinstein M, Wolf GA (1965) Phys Rev 140:A633
Guha SK (1972) J Phys E: Sci Instrum 5:145
Chakraborty AK, Mallik B (1995) Synth Met 73:239
Thander A, Bera RN, Mallik B (2002) Phys Status Solidi A 189:233
Basak D, Mallik B (2004) Synth Met 146:151
Rose A (1955) Phys Rev 97:1538
Lampart MA (1964) Rep Prog Phys 27:329
Roberts GG, Schmidlin W (1968) Phys Rev 180:785
Kao KC, Hwang H (1981) Electrical transport in solids. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Meier H (1974) Organic semiconductors. Verlag chemie GmbH, Weinheim, p 294, 295, 314, 321, 323
Karan S, Mallik B (2012) Thin Solid Films 520:2343
Bube RH (1960) Photoconductvity of solids. Wiley, New York
Micheletti FB, Mark P (1967) Appl Phys Lett 10:136
Martil I, Gonzalez G, Sanchez-Quesada F (1985) Sol Energy Mater 12:345
Chakraborty AK, Bera RN, Bhattacharjee A, Mallik B (1998) Synth Met 97:63
Basak D, Amin G, Mallik B, Paul GK, Sen SK (2003) J Cryst Growth 256:73
Osinsky A, Gangopadhyay S, Gaska R, Williams B, Khan MA (1997) Appl Phys Lett 71:2334
Bera RN, Mallik B (1998) Solid State Commun 108:695
Hiie J, Dedova T, Valdna V, Muska K (2006) Thin Solid Films 511–512:443
Acknowledgement
The authors express thanks to the authority of IACS, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India for providing funds and working facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Majumder, M., Mallik, B. Influence of annealing on the surface semiconductive and photoconductive properties of nanostructured cadmium sulfide thin films. J Mater Sci 47, 5833–5844 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6483-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6483-2