Abstract
A new class of bulk nanocrystalline nickel dispersed with nano-scale WO3 particles has been synthesized by conventional electrodeposition to clarify the effect of the presence of nano-size dispersions on the strength and thermal stability of nanocrystalline structures. It was found that WO3 particles of an initial size of 0.1 μm, when suspended in an electrolyte, fragmented into smaller nano-size particles, and were embedded into nanocrystalline nickel matrix of an average grain size of 45 nm during deposition. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that phase transition of WO3 particles occurred from an initial monoclinic to a tetragonal structure. The cause-and-effect relation between the fragmentation and the phase transition of WO3 particles was discussed. Further hardening was confirmed in comparison with nanocrystalline pure nickel, but its increment was less than that predicted by the classical Orowan-type hardening of the particle–dislocation interaction. The discrepancy may be associated with a different dominant deformation mode which operates in a nanocrystalline regime.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Morris DG, Morris MA (1991) Acta Mater 39:1763
Scattergood RO, Koch CC, Murty KL, Brenner D (2008) Mater Sci Eng A 493:3
Rajulapati KV, Scattergood RO, Murty KL, Horita Z, Langdon TG, Koch CC (2008) Metall Mater Trans A 39:2528
Han BQ, Mohamed FA, Lavernia EJ (2003) J Mater Sci 38:3319. doi:10.1023/A:102515040795
Srinivasan D, Corderman R, Subramanian PR (2006) Mater Sci Eng A 416:211
Shao I, Vereecken PM, Chien CL, Searson PC, Cammarata RC (2002) J Mater Res 17:1412
Hou F, Wang W, Guo H (2006) Appl Surf Sci 252:3812
Klement U, Erb U, El-Sherik AM, Aust KT (1995) Mater Sci Eng 203:177
Koch CC, Scattergood RO, Darling KA, Semones JE (2008) J Mater Sci 43:7264. doi:10.1007/s10853-008-2870-0
Wilde G, Rosner H (2007) J Mater Sci 42:1772. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0986-7
Zener C (1948) Trans AIME 15:175
Horita Z, Ohashi K, Fujita T, Kaneko Y, Langdon TG (2005) Adv Mater 17:1599
Kim JK, Jeong HG, Hong SI, Kim YS, Kim WJ (2001) Scr Mater 45:901
Li Y, Zhao YH, Ortalan V, Liu W, Zhang ZH, Vogt RG, Browning ND, Lavernia EJ, Schoenung JM (2009) Mater Sci Eng A 527:305
Balazsi C, Gillemot F, Horvath M, Weber F, Balazsi K, Sahin FC, Onuralp Y, Horvath A (2011) J Mater Sci 46:4598. doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5359-1
Erb U (1995) Can Metall Q 34:275
El-Sherik AM, Erb U (1995) J Mater Sci 30:5743. doi:10.1007/BF00356715
Hu F, Chan KC, Qu NS (2007) J Solid State Electrochem 11:262
Jung A, Natter H, Hempelmann R, Lach E (2009) J Mater Sci 44:2725. doi:10.1007/s10853-009-3330-1
Li J, Sun Y, Sun X, Qiao J (2005) Surf Coat Tech 192:331
Miyamoto H, Ueda K, Uenoya T (2010) Mater Sci Forum 654–656:1162
Zheng H, Ou JZ, Strano MS, Kaner RB, Mitchell A, Kalantar-zadeh K (2011) Adv Funct Mater 21:2175
Vogt T, Woodward PM, Hunter BA (1999) J Solid State Chem 144:209
Mohammad AA (2009) Acta Phys Polonica A 116:240
Boulova M, Lucazeau G (2002) J Solid State Chem 167:425
Clarke DR, Sergo V, He M-Y (1999) Elev Temp Coat Sci Tech 3:67
Qin W, Nam C, Li HL, Szpunar JA (2007) Acta Mater 55:1695
Ohnishi H, Naka H, Sekino T, Ikuhara Y, Niihara K (2008) J Ceram Soc Jpn 116:491
Zhang HB, Zhou YC, Bao YW, Wang JY (2006) J Mater Res 21:402
Lafarga D, Lafuente A, Menendez M, Santamaria J (1998) J Mem Sci 147:173
EL-Sherik AM, Erb U, Palumbo G, Aust KT (1992) Scr Met Mater 27:1185
Kocks UF (1966) Phil Mag 13:541
Kumar KS, VanSwygenhoven H, Suresh S (2003) Acta Mater 51:5743
Chen M, Ma E, Hemker KJ, Sheng H, Wang Y, Cheng X (2003) Science 300:1275
Liao XZ, Zhao YH, Srinivasan R, Zhu YT, Valiev RZ, Gunderov DV (2004) Appl Phys Lett 84:592
Zhu YT, Liao XZ (2004) Nat Mater 3:351
Wu X, Ma E, Zhu YT (2007) J Mater Sci 42:1427. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-1229-7
Chokshi AH, Rosen A, Karch J, Gleiter H (1989) Scr Metal 23:1679
Chinh NQ, Szommer P, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2006) Adv Mater 18:34
Wang N, Wang ZR, Aust KT, Erb U (1997) Mater Sci Eng 237:150
Trusov LI, Khvostantseva TP, Solovev VA, Melnikova VA (1995) J Mater Sci 30:2956. doi:10.1007/BF00349669
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Bulk nano metals,” MEXT Japan, as well as the helpful discussions with Professor Uwe Erb of the University of Toronto and Associate professor Atsutomo Nakamura of Osaka City University. The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to Professor Masaki Kato of Doshisha University for his valuable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miyamoto, H., Takehara, S., Uenoya, T. et al. Nanocrystalline nickel dispersed with nano-size WO3 particles synthesized by electrodeposition. J Mater Sci 47, 4798–4804 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6322-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6322-5