Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites containing increasing amounts (2–20%, w/w) of silver zeolite (SZ) were prepared by melt mixing and characterized by thermal, mechanical and rheological analyses. The addition of large amount of SZ did not influence the processability and the formability of the composites, if compared to neat plasticized PVC. The antibacterial activity of PVC SZ composites was tested on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis and resulted promising both in culture broth and on agar plate and also in sterile urine seeded with these strains, for simulation purposes. In sterile urine, composites induced a significant reduction (4–6 log units) of viability of both strains already at 24 h, inhibiting E. coli growth up to 20 days, whereas their antimicrobial action against S. epidermidis vanished within 5 days. The silver release in sterile urine was determined up to 20 days. It was found that the highest amount of silver ions was released during the first day (0.365 ppm), whilst from days 6 to 20 the silver release decreased, reaching a steady daily mean value of 0.02 ppm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kenawy E-R, Worley SD, Broughton R (2007) Biomacromolecules 8:1359
Monteiro DR, Gorup LF, Takamiya AS, Ruvollo-Filho AC, Rodrigues de Camargo E, Barros Barbosa D (2009) Int J Antimicrob Agents 34:103
Francolini I, Donelli G, Stoodley P (2003) Rev Eviron Sci Biotechnol 2:307
Appendini A, Hotchkiss JH (2002) Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 3:113
Imazato S (2003) Dent Mater 19:449
Markarian J (2009) Plast Addit Compd 11:18
Seyfriedsberger G, Rametsteiner K, Kern W (2006) Eur Polym J 42:3383
Zhang W, Luo Y, Wang H, Jiang J, Pu S, Chu PK (2008) Acta Biomater 4:2028
La Storia A, Ercolini D, Marinello F, Mauriello G (2008) J Food Sci 73:T48
Jeong SH, Yeo SY, Yi SC (2005) J Mater Sci 40:5407. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-4339-8
Yeo SY, Lee HJ, Jeong SH (2003) J Mater Sci 38:2143. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023767828656
Radheshkumar C, Munstedt H (2006) React Funct Polym 66:780
Pollini M, Russo M, Licciulli A, Sannino A, Maffezzoli A (2009) J Mater Sci Mater Med 20:2316
Balazs DJ, Triandafillu K, Wood P, Chevolot Y, van Delden C, Harms H, Hollenstein C, Mathieu JH (2004) Biomaterials 25:2139
Mbhele ZH, Salemane MG, van Sittert CGCE, Nedeljković JM, Djoković V, Luyt AS (2003) Chem Mater 15:5019
Aumsuwan N, Heinhorst S, Urban MW (2007) Biomacromolecules 8:713
Cho JW, So JH (2006) Mater Lett 60:2653
Dowling DP, Betts AJ, Pope C, McConnell ML, Eloy R, Arnaud MN (2003) Surf Coat Technol 163–164:637
Tunney MM, Gorman SP (2002) Biomaterials 60:4601
Kumar R, Munstedt H (2005) Biomaterials 26:2081
Southward RE, Thompson DW, St. Clair AK (1997) Chem Mater 9:501
Blaker JJ, Nazhat SN, Boccaccini AR (2004) Biomaterials 25:1319
Son WK, Youk JH, Park WH (2006) Carbohydr Polym 65:430
Tambe SM, Sampath L, Modak SM (2001) J Antimicrob Chemother 47:589
Silver S (2003) FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:341
Furno F, Morley KS, Wong B, Sharp BL, Arnold PL, Howdle SM, Bayston R, Brown PD, Winship PD, Reid HJ (2004) J Antimicrob Chemother 54:1019
Edwards-Jones V (2009) Lett Appl Microbiol 49:147
Yamanaka M, Hara K, Kudo J (2005) Appl Environ Microbiol 71:7589
Feng QL, Wu J, Chen GQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO (2000) J Biomed Mater Res A 52:662
Favia P, Sardella E, Gristina R, d’Agostino R (2003) Surf Coat Technol 169–170:707
Davenas J, Thevenard P, Philippe F, Arnaud MN (2002) Biomol Eng 19:263
Dowling DP, Donnelly K, McConnell ML, Eloy R, Arnaud MN (2001) Thin Solid Films 398–399:602
Gray JE, Norton PR, Alnouno R, Marolda CL, Valvano MA, Griffiths K (2003) Biomaterials 24:2759
Liu Y-C, Lin L-H (2004) Electrochem Commun 6:1163
AgION antimicrobial. https://doi.org/www.agion-tech.com. Accessed 3 Feb 2011
Matsumura Y, Yoshikata K, Kunisaki S-I, Tsuchido T (2003) Appl Environ Microbiol 69:278
Inoue Y, Hoshino M, Takahashi H, Noguchi T, Murata T, Kanzaki Y, Hamashima H, Sasatsu M (2002) J Inorg Biochem 92:37
Trogolo JA (2005) Water Cond Purif 5:27. https://doi.org/www.wcponline.com/pdf/0505%20Clean%20Silver.pdf. Accessed 3 Feb 2011
Quintavalla S, Vicini L (2002) Meat Sci 62:373
Khare MD, Bukhari SS, Swann A, Spiers P, McLaren I, Myers J (2007) J Infect 54:146
Loertzer H, Soukup J, Hamza A, Wicht A, Rettkowski O, Koch E, Fornara P (2006) Transpl Proc 38:707
Rusin P, Brigth K, Gerba C (2003) Lett Appl Microbiol 36:69
Cowan MM, Abshire KZ, Houk SL, Evans SN (2003) J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 30:102
Galeano B, Korff E, Nicholson W (2003) Appl Environ Microbiol 69:4329
Casemiro LA, Martins CHG, de Carvalho Panzeri P, ires-de-Souza F, Panzeri H (2008) Gerodontology 25:187
Abe Y, Ishii M, Takeuchi M, Ueshige M, Tanaka M, Akagawa Y (2004) J Oral Rehabil 31:568
Hotta M, Nakajima H, Yamamoto K, Aono M (1998) J Oral Rehabil 25:485
Kawahara K, Tsuruda K, Morishita M, Uchida M (2000) Dent Mater 16:452
Nakane T, Gomyo H, Sasaki I, Kimoto Y, Hanzawa N, Teshima Y, Namba T (2006) Int J Cosmet Sci 28:299
Montaudo G, Puglisi C (1991) Polym Degrad Stab 33:229
Pehlivan H, Balköse D, Ülkü S, Tihminlioğlu F (2005) Compos Sci Technol 65:2049
Fernández A, Soriano E, Hernández-Munoz P, Gavara R (2010) J Food Sci 75:E186
Kaali P, Momcilovic D, Markström A, Aune R, Czel G, Karlsson S (2010) J Appl Polym Sci 95:1456
Kamışoğlu K, Aksoy EA, Akata B, Hasirci N, Bac N (2008) J Appl Polym Sci 110:2854
Lee JH (2005) https://doi.org/exergencorporation.web.officelive.com/Documents/J%20Lee%20Antimicrobial%20Lab%20Study.pdf. Accessed 03 Feb 2011
Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, Shin S, Kim SH, Park YH (2008) Mycoses 50:265
Egger S, Lehmann RP, Height MJ, Loessner MJ, Schuppler M (2009) Appl Environ Microbiol 75:2973
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the National Council Research (CNR, Rome) and from a POR Project (Sicilian Regional funds, Misura 3.14, grant no. 1999.IT.16.1.PO.011/3.14/5.2.13/0279) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zampino, D., Ferreri, T., Puglisi, C. et al. PVC silver zeolite composites with antimicrobial properties. J Mater Sci 46, 6734–6743 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5629-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5629-y