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Grain boundary engineering: historical perspective and future prospects

  • IIB 2010
  • Published:
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Abstract

A brief introduction of the historical background of grain boundary engineering for structural and functional polycrystalline materials is presented herewith. It has been emphasized that the accumulation of fundamental knowledge about the structure and properties of grain boundaries and interfaces has been extensively done by many researchers during the past one century. A new approach in terms of the concept of grain boundary and interface engineering is discussed for the design and development of high performance materials with desirable bulk properties. Recent advancements based on these concepts clearly demonstrate the high potential and general applicability of grain boundary engineering for various kinds of structural and functional materials. Future prospects of the grain boundary and interface engineering have been outlined, hoping that a new dimension will emerge pertaining to the discovery of new materials and the generation of a new property originating from the presence of grain boundaries and interfaces in advanced polycrystalline materials.

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Notes

  1. The 85% rolled sheet specimens were prepared by ordinary or magnetic annealing at 973 K (T/T c = 0.95, T c: the Curie temperature) for 6 h. The average grain size of annealed specimens was almost similar for the three alloys, namely the density of grain boundaries was kept at almost similar level, although there was some difference less than twice for Fe–0.02at%Sn alloy. The frequency of random boundaries which can be preferential sites for segregation was almost 80% for the three alloys. The fracture toughness was measured by the three-point bending test. The details of the experimental procedure are presented in the original paper [139].

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my sincere thank to my mentors, Dr. Donald McLean and Prof. Karl T. Aust for constantly encouraging and guiding me to a new front in the research field of grain boundaries where I have been always enjoying a new encounter and a new challenge with unlimited interest. I express my sincere thanks to my ex-students and co-workers, particularly Prof. H. Kokawa and Prof. S. Tsurekawa who have shared the vision and new challenges of grain boundary engineering with me for many years. Collaboration with Prof. L. Zuo, Prof. X. Zhao, and Prof. C. Esling also helped greatly in the development of GBE by magnetic field application. My special gratitude goes to Prof. Yeng Cheng Huang (En-Sei Ko), my brother in-law, for his warmest encouragements for many years. Finally I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor Satyam Suwas of Indian Institute of Science who kindly read and corrected the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

    Tadao Watanabe

  2. Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Tadao Watanabe

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  1. Tadao Watanabe
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Correspondence to Tadao Watanabe.

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Watanabe, T. Grain boundary engineering: historical perspective and future prospects. J Mater Sci 46, 4095–4115 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5393-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5393-z

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