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Densification of (Na,K)NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics by two-step mixing process

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Abstract

Lead-free Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) piezoelectric ceramics were sintered with a new process, “two-step mixing process,” in which a part of alkali source powders was initially preserved and mixed with the rest matrix powders after the calcinations step. As a result, the sintering of NKN ceramics was improved, and the sample sintered at 1082 °C with the initial preservation ratio (R A) of 5% demonstrated the highest density of ρ = 4.38 g/cm3 (97.1% of the theoretical density), compared with ρ = 4.36 g/cm3 (96.7% of the theoretical density) for the non-preservation specimen (R A = 0%). The former sample showed the best piezoelectric constant of d 33 = 125 pC/N and electromechanical coupling coefficient of k p = 0.42, while the latter sample had d 33 = 116 pC/N and k p = 0.37. These results indicated that the two-step mixing process was effective for the sintering of lead-free NKN ceramics, despite no sintering additive and cold isostatic pressing were used.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (no. 21360323) and by the Industrial Technology Research Grant Program in 2007 from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan.

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  1. Satoru Ishihara

    Present address: Extreme Energy–Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan

    Satoru Ishihara, Ken-ichi Kakimoto & Isao Kagomiya

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  1. Satoru Ishihara
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  2. Ken-ichi Kakimoto
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Correspondence to Satoru Ishihara.

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Ishihara, S., Kakimoto, Ki. & Kagomiya, I. Densification of (Na,K)NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics by two-step mixing process. J Mater Sci 46, 3822–3827 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5296-z

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