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Synthesis and characterization of niobium doped hexagonal tungsten bronze in the systems, CsxNbyW1−yO3

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Abstract

Samples of nominal compositions, Cs0.25Nb y W1−y O3 and Cs0.3Nb y W1−y O3 with 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25 and 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.3 were synthesized using appropriate amounts of Cs2WO4, WO3 and WO2 in evacuated and closed silica glass tubes at 800 °C. The polycrystalline products contain hexagonal shaped crystals of up to 15 μm diameter as long as y ≤ 0.15. X-ray powder patterns of the samples reveal the formation of hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB-I) type phase with y < 0.1. A mixture of HTB-I and an analogous less reduced hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB-II) type phase is seen when y ≥ 0.1. HTB-II content increases with increasing y, revealing close similarity to bronzoid type phases when y = x. Results of SEM/EDX analysis also support a partial substitution of tungsten by niobium in the HTB-I type phase. Infrared absorption and optical reflectivity data shows the effect of increasing amount of non-metallic phase for y > 0.1 and the effect of counterdoping by Nb5+/W5+ substitution in the metallic HTB-I type phase for y ≤ 0.1, respectively. Reinvestigations in the system Rb0.3Nb y W1−y O3 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.175) show similar results with increasing content of HTB-II type phase related with y.

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by DFG (RU 764/4-1) and KRD is thankful to DFG for financial support of her renewed stay at Leibniz University Hannover (LUH). AH thanks Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for financial support through a collaborative research program (V-FOKOOP/DEU/1062067/Hussain). TD and KRD are grateful to “Land Niedersachsen, Germany” for funding Ph.D. research work within “Lichtenberg Stipendium”.

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Author notes

  1. Kalpana R. Dey

    Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39212, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Mineralogy and Centre of Solid State Chemistry and New Materials (ZFM) of Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    Kalpana R. Dey, Tapas Debnath & Claus H. Rüscher

  2. Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden

    Margareta Sundberg

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Tapas Debnath & Altaf Hussain

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  1. Kalpana R. Dey
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  2. Tapas Debnath
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  3. Claus H. Rüscher
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  4. Margareta Sundberg
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  5. Altaf Hussain
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Correspondence to Tapas Debnath.

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Dedicated to Professor Lars Kihlborg on the occasion of his 80th birthday.

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Dey, K.R., Debnath, T., Rüscher, C.H. et al. Synthesis and characterization of niobium doped hexagonal tungsten bronze in the systems, CsxNbyW1−yO3 . J Mater Sci 46, 1388–1395 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4932-3

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