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Polyacrylamide and methylcellulose hydrogel as delivery vehicle for the controlled release of paraquat pesticide

  • ICAM 2009
  • Published:
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Abstract

PAAm–MC hydrogels as a potential delivery vehicle for the controlled release of paraquat pesticide was investigated, as they play an essential role to use hydrogels in controlled release technology. The release kinetics of paraquat was determined using UV–Vis measurements. The release mechanism of paraquat from PAAm–MC hydrogels was investigated through a semi-empirical model proposed by Ritger and Peppas. In general, the initial rate of paraquat release was fast, decreasing after several days, hence indicating that paraquat on the surface (or close to) of hydrogels diffused rapidly after the initial swelling of the gel. Later, the cumulative release occurred in a very controlled and sustained manner, with the paraquat concentration maintaining constant from 15 to 46 days. The paraquat release capacity was dependent on the swelling of the matrix and the density of the network chains. The curves obtained from Peppas’s model presented good linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.999), indicating that such model can be applicable to analyze the systems. The n values for the pesticide release from hydrogels indicate that paraquat release has Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion, depending of hydrogel formulation. The values of k showed that the release of paraquat becomes slower when the MC and AAm concentration increases. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, we report a hydrogel-based vehicle (first carrier) that is able to prolong the sustained release of paraquat pesticide up to 45 days, which is essential for its application in controlled release systems.

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Abbreviations

π:

Osmotic pressure defined by Donnan equilibrium theory

μ :

Chemical potential

AAm:

Acrylamide

Abs:

Absorbance

C :

Mobile ion concentration

C R :

Cumulative release

G :

Gibb’s free energy

k :

Constant incorporating structural and geometric characteristics of the macromolecular polymeric system and the pesticide

M ∞ :

Amount of paraquat loaded onto the hydrogel

MBAAm:

N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide

MC:

Methylcellulose

M t :

Cumulative amount of paraquat released at time “t”

n :

Release exponent representing the release mechanism

P :

Pressure

PAAm:

Polyacrylamide

q eq :

Maximum paraquat adsorption

R :

Universal gas constant

R 2 :

Linear regression coefficient

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

T :

Absolute temperature

TEMED:

N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene-diamine

UV–Vis:

Ultraviolet–visible

V :

Volume

wt%:

Weight percent or mass percent

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to USDA/ARS/WRRC, FAPESP, CNPq, Embrapa (Labex Program and MP1 Project), and FINEP/LNNA for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil

    Fauze A. Aouada

  2. Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Márcia R. de Moura

  3. Bioproduct Chemistry & Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC, Albany, CA, 94710, USA

    William J. Orts

  4. National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA)–Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, 13560-905, Brazil

    Fauze A. Aouada, Márcia R. de Moura & Luiz H. C. Mattoso

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  1. Fauze A. Aouada
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  2. Márcia R. de Moura
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  3. William J. Orts
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  4. Luiz H. C. Mattoso
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Correspondence to Fauze A. Aouada.

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Aouada, F.A., de Moura, M.R., Orts, W.J. et al. Polyacrylamide and methylcellulose hydrogel as delivery vehicle for the controlled release of paraquat pesticide. J Mater Sci 45, 4977–4985 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4180-6

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