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Phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped titania photocatalysts with a hierarchical meso-/macroporous structure

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Abstract

Visible light-active phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped meso-/macroporous titania materials were prepared by a simple two-step approach of the direct phosphation with the use of phosphoric acid solution and the succedent nitridation with the use of the urea solution. The prepared materials were characterized by UV–vis, solid-state 31P MAS NMR, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption analysis. Direct synthesis of phosphorus-doped meso-/macroporous titania materials could inhibit the formation of brookite phase and increase the surface area significantly, resulting in the hierarchical porous framework of nanocrystalline anatase phase with enhanced thermal stability and large porosity, and these features retained during the subsequent nitridation. The incorporation of P and N in the anatase titania lattice in the form of O–Ti–N, O–P–N, and Ti–O–P linkages was evidenced, and the extension of the absorption edges into the visible region and the corresponding narrowing of band gaps were observed in these N and P co-doped meso-/macroporous titanias, giving a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Rhodamine B dye under visible-light irradiation than the samples doped with only N or P. The beneficial effect of hierarchical meso-/macroporous structure is also examined.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20473041, 20673060), the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB623502), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20070055014), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (08JCZDJC21500), the Chinese-Bulgarian Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project, the Fund from Hebei Provincial Department of Education (2007313), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-06-0215), and Nankai University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Energy-Material Chemistry (Tianjin) & Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage and Conversion (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People’s Republic of China

    Gao-Song Shao, Tian-Yi Ma, Xue-Jun Zhang & Zhong-Yong Yuan

  2. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People’s Republic of China

    Tie-Zhen Ren

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  1. Gao-Song Shao
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  2. Tian-Yi Ma
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  3. Xue-Jun Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhong-Yong Yuan.

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Shao, GS., Ma, TY., Zhang, XJ. et al. Phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped titania photocatalysts with a hierarchical meso-/macroporous structure. J Mater Sci 44, 6754–6763 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3628-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3628-z

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