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Incorporation of waste materials into portland cement clinker synthesized from natural raw materials

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Abstract

For every ton of portland cement that is manufactured, approximately half a ton of carbon dioxide is released from calcining limestone. One method of reducing the carbon dioxide from portland cement production is to reduce or eliminate the use of limestone through replacement with calcium oxide-bearing waste materials. In this study, portland cement clinker was synthesized using minimal limestone content and maximal waste material content, specifically fly ash and blast furnace slag. The synthetic cements were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and isothermal calorimetry. Results show that portland cement clinker can be successfully synthesized from a maximam of 27.5% fly ash and 35% slag. The synthetic cements possessed early-age hydration behavior similar to a commercial Type I/II portland cement. However, the presence of sulfur impurities contained in waste materials significantly affected phase formation in portland cement clinker.

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Notes

  1. In cement chemistry notation, oxides are abbreviated by the first capital letter: C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, F = Fe2O3, H = H2O, and $ = SO3.

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Acknowledgement

The authors express their thanks to the National Science Foundation for financial support (Grant No. CMMI 0448983), Texas Lehigh Cement Company for providing natural raw materials, Mr. Paul Stutzman from NIST for providing the phase lattice files used in Rietveld analysis, Ryan Chancey, a graduate student in our lab, for assistance with the Rietveld and multispectral image analysis, and Katherine McKeever, a former graduate student in our lab, for establishing the synthesis procedures for the four major cement phases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas, 1 University Station C2201, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Irvin A. Chen

  2. Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, 1 University Station C1748, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Maria C. G. Juenger

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  1. Irvin A. Chen
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  2. Maria C. G. Juenger
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Correspondence to Irvin A. Chen.

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Chen, I.A., Juenger, M.C.G. Incorporation of waste materials into portland cement clinker synthesized from natural raw materials. J Mater Sci 44, 2617–2627 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3342-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3342-x

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