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Development and verification of a meso-scale based dynamic material model for plain-woven single-ply ballistic fabric

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Abstract

A meso-scale unit-cell based continuum material constitutive model has been developed for plain-woven single-ply ballistic fabric materials. This model, due to its computational efficiency, is suitable for use in computational analyses of the ballistic-protection performance of multi-layer body-armor vests. The model utilizes the continuum-level in-plane and out-of-plane deformation-state of the material, an energy minimization procedure and a simple account of yarn slip to update the structure/architecture of the fabric unit cell. Forces and moments developed within the structural components of the unit cell are then used to compute the continuum-level stress state at the material points associated with the unit cell in question. The model is implemented in a user-material subroutine suitable for use within commercial finite-element programs. To validate the model, a series of transient non-linear dynamic analyses of the impact of a square-shaped fabric patch with a spherical projectile is carried out and the computed results compared with their counterparts obtained using a more traditional finite-element approach within which yarns and yarn weaving are modeled explicitly. The results obtained show that the material model provides a reasonably good description for the fabric deformation and fracture behavior under a variety of boundary conditions applied to fabric edges and under varying fictional conditions present at the yarn/yarn and projectile/fabric interfaces. In addition, the overall ballistic energy absorption capacity of the fabric as well as its yarn-strain energy, yarn-kinetic energy, and frictional sliding contributions are predicted with reasonable accuracy by the proposed material model for fabric.

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Acknowledgements

The material presented in this article is based on work supported by the U.S. Army/Clemson University Cooperative Agreements W911NF-04-2-0024 and W911NF-06-2-0042. The authors are indebted to Dr. Fred Stanton for the support and a continuing interest in the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Center for Automotive Research CU-ICAR, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, 241 Engineering Innovation Building, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    M. Grujicic, W. C. Bell & T. He

  2. Army Research Laboratory—Survivability Materials Branch, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD, 21005-5069, USA

    B. A. Cheeseman

Authors
  1. M. Grujicic
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  2. W. C. Bell
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  3. T. He
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  4. B. A. Cheeseman
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Correspondence to M. Grujicic.

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Grujicic, M., Bell, W.C., He, T. et al. Development and verification of a meso-scale based dynamic material model for plain-woven single-ply ballistic fabric. J Mater Sci 43, 6301–6323 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2893-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2893-6

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