Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine salt form and PANI/silver composites have been synthesized by sonochemical and ionizing radiation methods. These composite materials were obtained through sonication and γ irradiation of an aqueous solution of aniline and silver nitrate, in room temperature, respectively. The mechanisms suggested to explain the formation of these products are based on the fact that both methods produce hydroxyl radical •OH and hydrogen radical •H, where hydroxyl radical •OH acts as an oxidizing agent in the polymerization process of aniline monomer; and hydrogen radical •H, as a reducing agent for silver ions. Spectroscopic, X-ray, and SEM measures show that PANI and silver nano particles of 40 nm average diameter are produced with ultrasonic methods, whereas silver nano particles of 60 nm average, and fibrillar, highly network morphology for PANI with 60 nm fibrillar diameter average are obtained using γ radiation).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Van Eldik R, Hubbard CD (1996) Chemistry under extreme or non classical conditions. Wiley, New York
Lindstrom O, Lamm O (1951) J Phys Colloid Chem 55(7):1139
Price GJ, Norris DJ, West PJ (1992) Macromolecules 25:6447
Price GJ, Patel AM (1992) Polymer 33:4423
Peters D (1996) J Mater Chem 6(10):1605
Suslick KS, Choe SB, Cichowalas AA, Grinstaff MW (1991) Nature 353:414
Grinstaff MW, Cichowalas AA, Choe SB, Suslick KS (1992) Ultrasonics 30:68
Kruus P (1983) Ultrasonics 21:201
Wizel S, Prozorov R, Cohen Y, Aurbach D, Margel S, Gedanken A (1998) J Mater Res 13:211
Wizel S, Margel S, Gedanken A, Rojas TC, Fernandez A, Prozorov R (1999) J Mater Res 14:3913
Atobe M, Chowdhury AN, Fuchigami T, Nonaka T (2003) Ultrason Sonochem 10:77
Ryu JG, Kim H, Lee JW (2004) Polym Eng Sci 44:1198
Xia H.S, Wang Q (2002) Chem Mater 14:2158
Laranjeiras JMG, Khoury HJ, de Azevedo WM, de Vasconcelos EA, da Silva Jr EF (2003) Mater Charact 50:127
Pacheco APL, Araújo ES, de Azevedo WM (2003) Mater Charact 50:245
Wolszczak M, Kroh J, Abdel-Hamid M (1996) Radiat Phys Chem 47:859
Pillalamarri SK, Blum FD, Tokuhiro AT, Bertino MF (2005) Chem Mater 17:5941
de Azevedo WM, de Oliveira Luna AJH, Silva EFVBN, Silva RO (2006) Ultrason Sonochem 13:433
de Azevedo WM, Lima APD, de Araújo ES (1999) Radiat Prot Dosimetry 84:77
Arnold GW, Borders JA (1977) J Appl Phys 48:1488
Wan M (1989) Synth Met 31:51
Stafstrom S, Bredas JL, Epstein AJ, Woo HS, Tanner DB, Huang WS, MacDiarmid AG (1987) Phys Rev Lett 59:464
Zhu YJ, Qian YT, Zhang MW, Chen ZY, Lu B, Wang CS (1993) Mater Lett 17:314
Inoue M, Navarro RE, Ionoue MB (1989) Synth Met 30:199
Salaneck WR, Liedberg B, Inganas O, Erlandsson R, Lundstron I, MicDiarmid AG, Halpern M, Somasiri NLD (1985) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 121:191
Mu S, Kan J (1998) Synth Met 98:51
Henglein A (1992) In: Mason TJ (ed) Advances in sonochemistry, vol 3. JAI Press, London, p 1
Kondo T, KinsChenbaum LJ, Kim H, Riesz P (1993) J Phys Chem 97:522
Langford JI, Wilson AJC (1978) J Appl Cryst 11:102
Barrett CS, Massalski TB (1966) Struture of the metals. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 155
Wagner CNJ, Aqua EN (1964) Adv X-ray Anal 7:46
Song W, Humphrey BD, MacDiarmid AG (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 82:2385
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Mr. Francisco Rangel for his assistance on SEM measurements, Marcela Bianca for comments and suggestions for the manuscript, and acknowledge financial support received during the development of this work from REMAN contract N. 550.015/01-9, CNPQ contract N.305587/2003-0 and N. 473.144/03-4 and RENAMI.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Azevedo, W.M., de Barros, R.A. & da Silva, E.F. Conductive polymer preparation under extreme or non-classical conditions. J Mater Sci 43, 1400–1405 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2278-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2278-2