Abstract
The interface structure of an Al2O3/Nb/Al2O3 sandwich produced by solid-state diffusion bonding was investigated in detail by various transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The joint possessed at one interface a \( {\hbox{(110)}}_{{{{\rm Nb}}}} {{ \,||\, (0001)}}_{{{{\rm Al}}_{{{\rm 2}}} {{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 3}}} }} \), \( {\hbox{[1{{$\bar{1}$}}0]}}_{{{{\rm Nb}}}} {{ \,||\, [2{{\bar{1}}}{{\bar{1}}}0]}}_{{{{\rm Al}}_{{{\rm 2}}} {{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 3}}} }} \), and on the other interface a \( {\hbox{(1{{${1}$}}0)}}_{{{{\rm Nb}}}} {{ \,||\, (0001)}}_{{{{\rm Al}}_{{{\rm 2}}} {{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 3}}} }} \) and \( {\hbox{[1{{$\bar{1}$}}0]}}_{{{{\rm Nb}}}} {{ || [0{{\bar{1}}}{{\bar{1}}}0]}}_{{{{\rm Al}}_{{{\rm 2}}} {{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 3}}} }} \) orientation relationship. At both interfaces, misfit dislocations formed to compensate the lattice mismatch as found by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Electron energy-loss near edge structure (ELNES) studies revealed that the interface is terminating with an Al layer resulting in Al–Nb bonds. Identical sandwiches were investigated on the meso- and macroscopic scale by performing compression tests and simultaneously monitoring the strain development at (001)Nb and \( (1{{\bar{{{1}}}}}0)_{{\rm Nb}} \) crystal faces. The full-field optical strain measurements (FFOM) revealed that the strain is localized at the interfaces when observed at the (001)Nb face while it is along the maximum shear directions of 36–54° inclined to the interface when observed at the \( (1{{\bar{{{1}}}}}0) \) face. The strain localization along a specific maximum shear direction results in the cleavage of Al2O3, always initiating from the interface possessing the \( {\hbox{(110)}}_{{{{\rm Nb}}}} {{ \,||\, (0001)}}_{{{{\rm Al}}_{{{\rm 2}}} {{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 3}}} }} \) and \( {\hbox{[1{{$\bar{1}$}}0]}}_{{{{\rm Nb}}}} {{ \,||\, [0{{\bar{1}}}{{\bar{1}}}0]}}_{{{{\rm Al}}_{{{\rm 2}}} {{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 3}}} }} \) orientation relationship.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burger K, Mader W, Rühle M (1987) Ultramicroscopy 22:1
Mader W (1989) Z Metallkde 80(3):139
Mayer J, Mader W, Knauss D, Ernst F, Rühle M (1990) Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 183:55
Mayer J, Flynn CP, Rühle M (1990) Ultramicroscopy 33:51
Knauss D, Mader W (1991) Ultramicroscopy 37:247
Mayer J, Gutekunst G, Möbus G, Dura JA, Flynn CP, Rühle M (1992) Acta Metall Mater 40:S217
Bruley J, Brydson R, Müllejans H, Mayer J, Gutekunst G, Mader W, Knauss D, Rühle M (1994) J Mater Res 9(10):2574
Vitek V, Gutekunst G, Mayer J, Rühle M (1995) Phil Mag A 71(6):1219
Kruse C, Finnis MW, Lin JS, Payne MC, Milman VY, De Vita A, Gillan MJ (1996) Phil Mag Lett 73:733
Wagner T, Lorenz M, Rühle M (1996) J Mater Res 11(5):1255
Gutekunst G, Mayer J, Rühle M (1997) Phil Mag A 75(5):1329
Gutekunst G, Mayer J, Vitek V, Rühle M (1997) Phil Mag A 75(5):1357
Finnis MW (1998) Phys Stat Sol A 166:397
Verdozzi C, Jennison DR, Schultz PA, Sears MP (1999) Phys Rev Lett 82:799
Levay A, Möbus G, Vitek V, Rühle M, Tichy G (1999) Acta Mater 47(15):4143
Batyrev I, Alavi A, Finnis M (2000) Phy Rev B 62(7):4698
Durbin SM, Cunningham JE, Mochel ME, Flynn CP (1981) J Phys F 11:L223
Mader W (1987) Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 82:403
Korn D, Elssner G, Cannon RM, Rühle M (2002) Acta Mater 50:3881
Cannon RM, Korn D, Elssner G, Rühle M (2002) Acta Mater 50:3903
Soyez G (1996) PhD Thesis, University of Stuttgart
Soyez G, Elssner G, Rühle M, Raj R (1998) Acta Mater 46(10):3571
Soyez G, Elssner G, Rühle M, Raj R (2000) J Mater Sci 35:1087
Bartsch M, Zhang Z-F, Scheu C, Rühle M, Messerschmidt U (2004) Z Metallkde 95(9):779
Liu Y, Brunner D (2002) Z Metallkde 93(5):444
Liu Y, Kohnle C, Brunner D, Rühle M (2003) Z Metallkde 94(6):694
Korn D, Elssner G, Fischmeister HF, Rühle M (1992) Acta Metall Mater 40:S355
Kurtz W (2002) Z Metallkde 93(5):432
Batyrev I, Alavi A, Finnis M (1999) Faraday Discuss 114:33
Strecker A, Salzberger U, Mayer J (1993) Prakt Metallogr 30:482
Müllejans H, Bruley J (1995) J Microscopy 180:12
Scheu C (2002) J Microscopy 205:52
Bitzek L, Wunderlich WE, Mader W (1988) Prakt Met 25:384
Burger K, Rühle M (1989) Ultramicroscopy 29:88
Saiz E, Tomsia AP, Cannon RM (1998) In: Tomsia AP, Glaeser AM (eds) Ceramic microstructures: control at the atomic level, Plenum Press
Gao M, Scheu C, Wagner T, Kurtz W, Rühle M (2002) Z Metallkde 93(5):438
Scheu C (2004) Interface Sci 12(1):127
Duesbery MS, Foxall RA (1969) Phil Mag 20:719
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank M. Bartsch and U. Messerschmidt for a fruitful cooperation within the DFG project and F. Ernst for his contribution to the project application. Helpful discussions with R. Cannon are acknowledged. The authors thank W. Kurtz for the diffusion bonding of the specimen and U. Salzberger for the TEM specimen preparation. The authors also wish to thank G. Dehm for careful reading of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scheu, C., Liu, Y., Oh, S.H. et al. Interface structure and strain development during compression tests of Al2O3/Nb/Al2O3 sandwiches. J Mater Sci 41, 7798–7807 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0728-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0728-x