Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provide attractive prospects for the photovoltaic industry, but the harsh preparation conditions and stability of perovskite materials are still the biggest obstacles to the industrialization of PSCs. This review paper compares the differences in composition and working principle between dye-sensitized solar cells and PSC. It also reviews the optimization and development of electron transport layer, perovskite absorbers and hole transport layer in recent years. By analyzing the crystal morphology, grain size, internal and surface defects of each layer, it also highlights that surface/bulk passivation, composition and interface engineering are used to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the stability of devices. At the same time, the research and development direction of PSC is prospected. It is believed that the industrialization of PSC will be accelerated through the efforts of scientists.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lee, M.M., Teuscher, J., Miyasaka, T., Murakami, T.N., Snaith, H.J.: Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science 338, 643–647 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228604
Liu, Z., Wang, L., Han, J., Zeng, F., Liu, G., Xie, X.: Improving the performance of lead-acetate-based perovskite solar cells using solvent controlled crystallization process. Org. Electron. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105552
Xu, T., Zou, K., Sun, X., Wan, Z., Tang, H., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Qiao, Q., Huang, W.: Effect of antisolvent treatment on PbI2 films for high performance carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Mater. Lett. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128157
Wu, F., Pathak, R., Qiao, Q.: Origin and alleviation of J–V hysteresis in perovskite solar cells: a short review. Catal. Today 374, 86–101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2020.12.025
Kojima, A., Teshima, K., Shirai, Y., Miyasaka, T.: Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 6050–6051 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809598r
Etgar, L., Gao, P., Xue, Z., Peng, Q., Chandiran, A.K., Liu, B., Nazeeruddin, Md.K., Grätzel, M.: Mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 heterojunction solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 17396–17399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja307789s
Laban, W.A., Etgar, L.: Depleted hole conductor-free lead halide iodide heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 3249–3253 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE42282H
Jeong, M., Choi, I.W., Go, E.M., Cho, Y., Kim, M., Lee, B., Jeong, S., Jo, Y., Choi, H.W., Lee, J., Bae, J.-H., Kwak, S.K., Kim, D.S., Yang, C.: Stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24.8% and 0.3-V voltage loss. Science 369, 1615–1620 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7167
Meng, F., Zhou, Y., Gao, L., Li, Y., Liu, A., Li, Y., Zhang, C., Fan, M., Wei, G., Ma, T.: Environmental risks and strategies for the long-term stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Mater. Today Energy (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2020.100590
Li, J., Xia, R., Qi, W., Zhou, X., Cheng, J., Chen, Y., Hou, G., Ding, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X.: Encapsulation of perovskite solar cells for enhanced stability: Structures, materials and characterization. J. Power Sources (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229313
Naveen, K., Rani, J., Kurchania, R.: Advancement in CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite solar cells: fabrication, efficiency and stability. Sol. Energy 221, 197–205 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.04.042
Matondo, J.T., Maurice, D.M., Chen, Q., Bai, L., Guli, M.: Inorganic copper-based hole transport materials for perovskite photovoltaics: challenges in normally structured cells, advances in photovoltaic performance and device stability. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111011
Zhou, Q., Ma, W., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Mao, Y.: Double-layered hole transport material of CuInS2/Spiro for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Org. Electron. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106249
Hu, J., Xiong, X., Guan, W., Long, H.: Recent advances in carbon nanomaterial-optimized perovskite solar cells. Mater. Today Energy (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100769
Yang, Q., Dettori, R., Yuan, G., Anderson, L.R.: A perovskite solar cell owing very high stabilities and power conversion efficiencies. Sol. Energy 201, 541–546 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.02.085
Mohseni, H.R., Dehghanipour, M., Dehghan, N., Tamaddon, F., Ahmadi, M., Sabet, M., Behjat, A.: Enhancement of the photovoltaic performance and the stability of perovskite solar cells via the modification of electron transport layers with reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline composite. Sol. Energy 213, 59–66 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.017
Liu, W., Ma, H., Walsh, A.: Advance in photonic crystal solar cells. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 116, 109436 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109436
Yang, X., Zhao, L., Wang, S., Li, J., Chi, B.: Recent progress of g-C3N4 applied in solar cells. J. Materiomics 7, 728–741 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2021.01.004
Xiang, H., Liu, P., Wang, W., Ran, R., Zhou, W., Shao, Z.: Towards highly stable and efficient planar perovskite solar cells: Materials development, defect control and interfacial engineering. Chem. Eng. J. 420, 127599 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127599
Olaleru, S.A., Kirui, J.K., Wamwangi, D., Roro, K.T., Mwakikunga, B.: Perovskite solar cells: the new epoch in photovoltaics. Sol. Energy 196, 295–309 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.12.025
Hardin, B.E., Snaith, H.J., McGehee, M.D.: The renaissance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Nat. Photonics 6, 162–169 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.22
Wei, J., Zhao, Q., Li, H., Shi, C., Tian, J., Cao, G., Yu, D.: Perovskite solar cells: Promise of photovoltaics. Sci. Sin. Technol. 44, 801–821 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1360/N092014-00135
Liu, M., Johnston, M.B., Snaith, H.J.: Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature 501, 395–398 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12509
Jin, L., Zhai, J., Heng, L., Wei, T., Wen, L., Jiang, L., Zhao, X., Zhang, X.: Bio-inspired multi-scale structures in dye-sensitized solar cell. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 10, 149–158 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2009.10.002
Pelicano, C.M., Yanagi, H.: Effect of rubrene: P3HT bilayer on photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells with electrodeposited ZnO nanorods, Journal of Energy. Chemistry 27, 455–462 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2017.11.018
Chunlin, F., Xing, S., He, Y., He, J., Li, J.: Current status of electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells. J. Synth. Crystals 50, 959–966 (2021). https://doi.org/10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.20210427.001
Guo, X., Yang, Y., Luo, Y., Ma, S., Zhu, C., Zhu, L.: Advances of electron transport materials in perovskite solar cells: synthesis and application. Prog. Chem. 33, 281–302 (2021). https://doi.org/10.7536/PC200515
Li, R., Huo, X., Han, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, M., Guo, M.: Facile synthesis of ordered Nb2O5 coated TiO2 nanorod arrays for efficient perovskite solar cells. Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148728 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148728
Jin, J., Li, H., Bi, W., Chen, C., Zhang, B., Xu, L., Dong, B., Song, H., Dai, Q.: Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells through e-beam preparation of cerium doped TiO2 electron transport layer, ultraviolet conversion layer CsPbBr3 and the encapsulation layer Al2O3. Sol. Energy 198, 187–193 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.048
Wang, S., Liu, B., Zhu, Y., Ma, Z., Liu, B., Miao, X., Ma, R., Wang, C.: Enhanced performance of TiO2-based perovskite solar cells with Ru-doped TiO2 electron transport layer. Sol. Energy 169, 335–342 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.005
Xia, G., Liu, H., Zhao, X., Dong, X., Wang, S., Li, X.: Seeding-method-processed anatase TiO2 film at low temperature for efficient planar perovskite solar cell. Chem. Eng. J. 370, 1111–1118 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.257
Khan, J., Ur Rahman, N., Khan, W.U., Hayat, A., Yang, Z., Ahmed, G., Akhtar, M.N., Tong, S., Chi, Z., Wu, M.: Multi-dimensional anatase TiO2 materials: Synthesis and their application as efficient charge transporter in perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy. 184, 323–330 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.020
Liao, Y.-H., Chang, Y.-H., Lin, T.-H., Chan, S.-H., Lee, K.-M., Hsu, K.-H., Hsu, J.-F., Wu, M.-C.: Boosting the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells based on Sn doped TiO2 electron extraction layer via modification the TiO2 phase junction. Sol. Energy 205, 390–398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.039
Lifeng, Z., Jiangjian, S., Dongmei, L., Qingbo, M.: Effect of mesoporous TiO2 layer thickness on the cell performance of perovskite solar cells. Acta Chim. Sinica. 73, 261 (2015). https://doi.org/10.6023/A14110823
el Haimeur, A., Makha, M., Bakkali, H., González-Leal, J.M., Blanco, E., Dominguez, M., Voitenko, Z.V.: Enhanced performance of planar perovskite solar cells using dip-coated TiO2 as electron transporting layer. Sol. Energy 195, 475–482 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.11.094
Abdi-Jalebi, M., Dar, M.I., Sadhanala, A., Senanayak, S.P., Giordano, F., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Grätzel, M., Friend, R.H.: Impact of a mesoporous titania–perovskite interface on the performance of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 3264–3269 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01617
Mei, Y., Liu, H., Li, X., Wang, S.: Hollow TiO2 spheres as mesoporous layer for better efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. J. Alloys Compd. 866, 158079 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158079
Quy, H.V., Truyen, D.H., Kim, S., Bark, C.W.: Facile synthesis of spherical TiO2 hollow nanospheres with a diameter of 150 nm for high-performance mesoporous perovskite solar cells. Materials (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030629
Seyed-Talebi, S.M., Kazeminezhad, I.: Performance improvement of fully ambient air fabricated perovskite solar cells in an anti-solvent process using TiO2 hollow spheres. J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 562, 125–132 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.004
Kanjana, N., Maiaugree, W., Poolcharuansin, P., Laokul, P.: Size controllable synthesis and photocatalytic performance of mesoporous TiO2 hollow spheres. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 48, 105–113 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.013
Jiang, Q., Sheng, X., Li, Y., Feng, X., Xu, T.: Rutile TiO2 nanowire-based perovskite solar cells. Chem. Commun. 50, 14720–14723 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC07367C
Wang, W., He, Y., Qi, L.: High-efficiency colorful perovskite solar cells using TiO2 nanobowl arrays as a structured electron transport layer. Sci. China Mater. 63, 35–46 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-9452-1
Chavan, R.D., Yadav, P., Nimbalkar, A., Bhoite, S.P., Bhosale, P.N., Kook Hong, C.: Ruthenium doped mesoporous titanium dioxide for highly efficient, hysteresis-free and stable perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy 186, 156–165 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.098
Duan, Y., Zhao, G., Liu, X., Ma, J., Chen, S., Song, Y., Pi, X., Yu, X., Yang, D., Zhang, Y., Guo, F.: Low-temperature processed tantalum/niobium co-doped TiO2 electron transport layer for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells. Nanotechnology 32, 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abeb37
Ding, B., Zhao, X., Wang, S., Shan, X., Chen, Z., Deng, Z., Tao, R., Shao, J., Meng, G., Fang, X.: Mechanism of improving the performance of perovskite solar cells through alkali metal bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide modifying mesoporous titania electron transport layer. J. Power Sources 484, 229275 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229275
Meng, X., Chi, K., Li, Q., Cao, Y., Song, G., Liu, B., Yang, H., Fu, W.: Interfacial modification of mesoporous TiO2 films with PbI2-ethanolamine-dimethyl sulfoxide solution for CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells. Nanomaterials (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050962
Bao, W., Ichimura, M.: Band offsets at the ZnO/Cu2ZnSnS4 interface based on the first principles calculation. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 61203 (2013). https://doi.org/10.7567/jjap.52.061203
Wang, B., Li, N., Yang, L., Dall’Agnese, C., Jena, A.K., Sasaki, S., Miyasaka, T., Tamiaki, H., Wang, X.-F.: Chlorophyll derivative-sensitized TiO2 electron transport layer for record efficiency of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 2207–2211 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c12786
Luo, Q., Zhang, C., Deng, X., Zhu, H., Li, Z., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Huang, S.: Plasmonic effects of metallic nanoparticles on enhancing performance of perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 9, 34821–34832 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b08489
Jiang, W.-L., Zhou, W., Ying, J.-F., Yang, T.-Y., Gao, Y.-M.: Thermal stable perovskite solar cells improved by ZnO/graphene oxide as electron transfer layers. J. Inorg. Mater. 32(1), 96–100 (2017)
Hossain, M.I., Yumnam, N., Qarony, W., Salleo, A., Wagner, V., Knipp, D., Tsang, Y.H.: Non-resonant metal-oxide metasurfaces for efficient perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy 198, 570–577 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.082
Kang, J., Han, K., Sun, X., Zhang, L., Huang, R., Ismail, I., Wang, Z., Ding, C., Zha, W., Li, F., Luo, Q., Li, Y., Lin, J., Ma, C.-Q.: Suppression of Ag migration by low-temperature sol-gel zinc oxide in the Ag nanowires transparent electrode-based flexible perovskite solar cells. Org. Electron. 82, 105714 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105714
Sharda, P., Chawla, K., Yadav, D.K., Singh, V., Jain, I.P., Lal, C.: Electronic structure and surface morphology of P3HT/MAPbI2Cl/GO-ZnO np’s thin films for PSCs. Mater. Today Proc. 42, 1682–1684 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.047
Khan, U., Iqbal, T., Khan, M., Wu, R.: SnO2/ZnO as double electron transport layer for halide perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy 223, 346–350 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.05.059
Ouslimane, T., Et-taya, L., Elmaimouni, L., Benami, A.: Impact of absorber layer thickness, defect density, and operating temperature on the performance of MAPbI3 solar cells based on ZnO electron transporting material. Heliyon 7, e06379 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06379
Khan, F., Kim, J.H.: Enhanced charge-transportation properties of low-temperature processed Al-doped ZnO and its impact on PV cell parameters of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Solid-State Electron. 164, 107714 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2019.107714
Kumar, A.M., Peter, I.J., Ramachandran, K., Mayandi, J., Jayakumar, K.: Influence of Al-Cu doping on the efficiency of BiFeO3 based perovskite solar cell (PSC). Mater. Today Proc. 35, 62–65 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.454
Kang, J.H., Park, Y.J., Khan, Y., Ahn, Y., Seo, J.H., Walker, B.: Cationic polyelectrolytes as convenient electron extraction layers in perovskite solar cells. Dyes Pigm. 182, 108634 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108634
Lee, J.H., Jin, I.S., Jung, J.W.: Binary-mixed organic electron transport layers for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and thermal reliability. Chem. Eng. J. 420, 129678 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129678
Chen, X., Shi, Z., Pan, G., Zhu, J., Hu, J., Wu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Xu, W.: Boosting interfacial charge transfer by constructing rare earth–doped WOx nanorods/SnO2 hybrid electron transport layer for efficient perovskite solar cells. Mater. Today Energy 21, 100724 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100724
Pylnev, M., Su, T.-S., Wei, T.C.: Titania augmented with TiI4 as electron transporting layer for perovskite solar cells. Appl. Surf. Sci. 549, 149224 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149224
Chen, J., Zhang, J., Huang, C., Bi, Z., Xu, X., Yu, H.: SnO2/2D-Bi2O2Se new hybrid electron transporting layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Chem. Eng. J. 410, 128436 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.128436
Zaky, A.A., Christopoulos, E., Gkini, K., Arfanis, M.K., Sygellou, L., Kaltzoglou, A., Stergiou, A., Tagmatarchis, N., Balis, N., Falaras, P.: Enhancing efficiency and decreasing photocatalytic degradation of perovskite solar cells using a hydrophobic copper-modified titania electron transport layer. Appl. Catal. B 284, 119714 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119714
Yuan, W.S.C., Qi, Y., Jin, J., Dong, B.: Study on the performance of planar perovskite solar cells with interface modified SnO2 by NH4I. Chin. J. Colloid Polym. 39, 26–29 (2021). https://doi.org/10.13909/j.cnki.1009-1815.2021.01.007
Lee, J.-H., Lee, D.G., Jung, H.S., Lee, H.H., Kim, H.-K.: ITO and electron transport layer-free planar perovskite solar cells on transparent Nb-doped anatase TiO2-x electrodes. J. Alloys Compd. 845, 155531 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155531
de Roo, J., Ibáñez, M., Geiregat, P., Nedelcu, G., Walravens, W., Maes, J., Martins, J.C., van Driessche, I., Kovalenko, M.V., Hens, Z.: Highly dynamic ligand binding and light absorption coefficient of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Nano 10, 2071–2081 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06295
Zhang, M., Ye, M., Wang, W., Ma, C., Wang, S., Liu, Q., Lian, T., Huang, J., Lin, Z.: Synergistic cascade carrier extraction via dual interfacial positioning of ambipolar black phosphorene for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202000999
Ding, X.K., Li, X.M., Gao, X.D., de Zhang, S., di Huang, Y., Li, H.R.: Optical and electrical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films transformed from PbO-PbI2 hybrid films. Acta Physico-Chim. Sin. 31, 576–582 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB201501201
Green, M.A., Ho-Baillie, A., Snaith, H.J.: The emergence of perovskite solar cells. Nat. Photonics 8, 506–514 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.134
Suresh Kumar, N., Chandra Babu Naidu, K.: A review on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), materials and applications. J. Materiomics 7(5), 940–956 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2021.04.002
Si, H., Xu, C., Ou, Y., Zhang, G., Fan, W., Xiong, Z., Kausar, A., Liao, Q., Zhang, Z., Sattar, A., Kang, Z., Zhang, Y.: Dual-passivation of ionic defects for highly crystalline perovskite. Nano Energy (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104320
Aydin, E., de Bastiani, M., de Wolf, S.: Defect and contact passivation for perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater. 31, 1900428 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900428
Liu, C., Huang, L., Zhou, X., Wang, X., Yao, J., Liu, Z., Liu, S.F., Ma, W., Xu, B.: An in-situ defect passivation through a green anti-solvent approach for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells. Sci. Bull. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.018
Godding, J.S.W., Ramadan, A.J., Lin, Y.-H., Schutt, K., Snaith, H.J., Wenger, B.: Oxidative passivation of metal halide perovskites. Joule 3, 2716–2731 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.08.006
Srivastava, M., Singh, P.K., Singh, R.C.: Comparative study of PSCs formed by one step and sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 using PEDOT: PSS as HTM. Mater. TodayProc. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.338
Yang, L., Han, G., Chang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xiao, Y.: Enhanced efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by synergistic effect of magnesium acetate introducing into CH3NH3PbI3. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 104, 104671 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2019.104671
Mohanty, I., Mangal, S., Jana, S., Singh, U.P.: Stability factors of perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) thin films for solar cell applications: a study. Mater. Today Proc. 39, 1829–1832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.183
Qi, X., Liu, G., Wang, D., Zhu, N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wu, C., Li, X., Luo, W., Li, Y., Hu, H., Chen, Z., Xiao, L., Wang, S., Qu, B.: Stable power output (PCE > 19%) of planar perovskite solar cells with PbCl2 modification at the interface of SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3. Org. Electron. 74, 52–58 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.06.048
Torres, J., Sanchez-Diaz, J., Rivas, J.M., de la Torre, J., Zarazua, I., Esparza, D.: Electrical properties and J–V modeling of perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cells after external thermal exposure. Sol. Energy 222, 95–102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.05.014
Wu, C., Li, H., Yan, Y., Chi, B., Pu, J., Li, J., Sanghadasa, M., Priya, S.: Cost-effective sustainable-engineering of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells through slicing and restacking of 2D layers. Nano Energy 36, 295–302 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.034
Rafieh, A.I., Ekanayake, P., Wakamiya, A., Nakajima, H., Lim, C.M.: Enhanced performance of CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells by tuning the electrical and structural properties of mesoporous TiO2 layer via Al and Mg doping. Sol. Energy 177, 374–381 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.024
Liu, C., Li, W., Zhang, C., Ma, Y., Fan, J., Ma, Y.: All-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells with high efficiency exceeding 13%. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140(11), 3825–3828 (2018)
Zeng, Z., Zhang, J., Gan, X., Sun, H., Shang, M., Hou, D., Lu, C., Chen, R., Zhu, Y., Han, L.: In situ grain boundary functionalization for stable and efficient inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 1801050, 1–8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801050
Wang, Y., Zhang, T., Kan, M., Zhao, Y.: Bifunctional stabilization of all-inorganic α-CsPbI3 perovskite for 17% efficiency photovoltaics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07927
Yan, L., Xue, Q., Liu, M., Zhu, Z., Tian, J., Li, Z., Chen, Z.: Interface engineering for all-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 14%. Adv. Mater. 30(33), 1802509 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802509
Stern, A., Aharon, S., Binyamin, T., Karmi, A., Rotem, D., Etgar, L., Porath, D.: Electrical characterization of individual cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires using conductive AFM. Adv. Mater. 32, 1907812 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201907812
Aharon, S., Etgar, L.: Two dimensional organometal halide perovskite nanorods with tunable optical properties. Nano Lett. 16, 3230–3235 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00665
Im, J.-H., Jang, I.-H., Pellet, N., Grätzel, M., Park, N.-G.: Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 cuboids with controlled size for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 927–932 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.181
Ding, X.K., Li, X.M., Gao, X.D., de Zhang, S., di Huang, Y., Li, H.R.: Optical and electrical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films transformed from PbO-PbI2 hybrid films. Wuli Huaxue Xuebao (Acta Physico-Chim. Sin.) 31, 576–582 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB201501201
Givalou, L., Antoniadou, M., Kaltzoglou, A., Falaras, P.: High performance solid state solar cells incorporating CdS quantum dots and CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. Mater. Today Proc. 19, 79–85 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.661
Jarwal, D.K., Kumar, A., Mishra, A.K., Ratan, S., Upadhyay, R.K., Kumar, C., Mukherjee, B., Jit, S.: Fabrication and TCAD validation of ambient air-processed ZnO NRs/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD solar cells. Superlattices Microstruct. 143, 106540 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106540
Abdulrahman, S., Wang, C., Cao, C., Zhang, C., Yang, J., Jiang, L.: Improvement of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film using the additive 1,8-diiodooctane for planar heterojunction perovskite cells. Physica B 522, 43–47 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2017.07.065
Wang, K., Liu, C., Du, P., Chen, L., Zhu, J., Karim, A., Gong, X.: Efficiencies of perovskite hybrid solar cells influenced by film thickness and morphology of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx layer. Org. Electron. 21, 19–26 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.02.023
Liu, D., Li, Y., Shi, B., Yao, X., Fan, L., Zhao, S., Liang, J., Ding, Y., Wei, C., Zhang, D., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X.: Tailoring morphology and thickness of perovskite layer for flexible perovskite solar cells on plastics: The role of CH3NH3I concentration. Sol. Energy 147, 222–227 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.035
Li, D.: Preparation of organolead halide perovskite films and studies on photoelectric properties (2020)***
Li, N., Shi, C., Li, L., Zhang, Z., Ma, C.: Tunable Br-doping CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx thin films for efficient planar perovskite solar cells. Superlattices Microstruct. 104, 445–450 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2017.03.011
Ni, X., Lei, L., Yu, Y., Xie, J., Li, M., Yang, S., Wang, M., Liu, J., Zhang, H., Ye, B.: Effect of Br content on phase stability and performance of H2N=CHNH2Pb(I1−xBrx)3 perovskite thin films. Nanotechnology (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aafeb6
Binyamin, T., Pedesseau, L., Remennik, S., Sawahreh, A., Even, J., Etgar, L.: Fully inorganic mixed cation lead halide perovskite nanoparticles: a study at the atomic level. Chem. Mater. 32, 1467–1474 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04426
Tan, X., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Sun, B., Li, J., Xi, S., Shi, T., Tang, Z., Liao, G.: Enhancing the optical, morphological and electronic properties of the solution-processed CsPbIBr2 films by Li doping for efficient carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Appl. Surf. Sci. 499, 143990 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143990
Wu, Y.-H., Ding, Y., Liu, X.-Y., Ding, X.-H., Liu, X.-P., Pan, X., Dai, S.-Y.: Ambient stable FAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells with a 2D-EDAPbI4 thin capping layer. Sci. China Mater. 63, 47–54 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-1174-3
Duan, J., Wei, J., Tang, Q., Li, Q.: Unveiling the interfacial charge extraction kinetics in inorganic perovskite solar cells with formamidinium lead halide (FAPbX3) nanocrystals. Sol. Energy 195, 644–650 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.12.001
Wang, X., Rakstys, K., Jack, K., Jin, H., Lai, J., Li, H., Ranasinghe, C.S.K., Saghaei, J., Zhang, G., Burn, P.L., Gentle, I.R., Shaw, P.E.: Engineering fluorinated-cation containing inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of >21% and improved stability towards humidity. Nat. Commun. 12, 52 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20272-3
Snaith, H.J.: Present status and future prospects of perovskite photovoltaics. Nat. Mater. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0071-z
Sun, Q.Y., Kong, W.Y., Zhang, C.Y., Yang, X.D.: Phase transition stability of formamidine (FA)-based perovskite films. Sci. Sin. Phys. Mech. Astron. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1360/SSPMA-2020-0490
Shan, L., Ding, J., Sun, W., Han, Z., Jin, L.: Core-shell heterostructured BiVO4/BiVO4:Eu3+ with improved photocatalytic activity. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 27, 1750–1759 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-017-0638-1
Hui, W., Chao, L., Lu, H., Xia, F., Wei, Q., Su, Z., Niu, T., Tao, L., Du, B., Li, D., Wang, Y., Dong, H., Zuo, S., Li, B., Shi, W., Ran, X., Li, P., Zhang, H., Wu, Z., Ran, C., Song, L., Xing, G., Gao, X., Zhang, J., Xia, Y., Chen, Y., Huang, W.: Stabilizing black-phase formamidinium perovskite formation at room temperature and high humidity. Science 371, 1359 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf7652
Liu, Z., Liu, F., Duan, C., Yuan, L., Zhu, H., Li, J., Wen, Q., Waterhouse, G.I.N., Yang, X., Yan, K.: Polymerization stabilized black-phase FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells retain 100% of initial efficiency over 100 days. Chem. Eng. J. 419, 129482 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129482
Wang, J., Ye, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wong, W., Li, C.: Halide perovskite based on hydrophobic ionic liquid for stability improving and its application in high-efficient photovoltaic cell. Electrochim. Acta 303, 133–139 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.071
Isikgor, F.H., Subbiah, A.S., Eswaran, M.K., Howells, C.T., Babayigit, A., de Bastiani, M., Yengel, E., Liu, J., Furlan, F., Harrison, G.T., Zhumagali, S., Khan, J.I., Laquai, F., Anthopoulos, T.D., McCulloch, I., Schwingenschlögl, U., de Wolf, S.: Scaling-up perovskite solar cells on hydrophobic surfaces. Nano Energy (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105633
Li, J., Bu, T., Lin, Z., Mo, Y., Chai, N., Gao, X., Ji, M., Zhang, X.L., Cheng, Y.B., Huang, F.: Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells via surface passivation of an ultrathin hydrophobic organic molecular layer. Chem. Eng. J. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126712
Zhou, Q., Liang, L., Hu, J., Cao, B., Yang, L., Wu, T., Li, X., Zhang, B., Gao, P.: High-performance perovskite solar cells with enhanced environmental stability based on a (p-FC6H4C2H4NH3)2[PbI4] capping layer. Adv. Energy Mater. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802595
Zhu, H., Liu, Y., Eickemeyer, F.T., Pan, L., Ren, D., Ruiz-Preciado, M.A., Carlsen, B., Yang, B., Dong, X., Wang, Z., Liu, H., Wang, S., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Hagfeldt, A., Dar, M.I., Li, X., Grätzel, M.: Tailored amphiphilic molecular mitigators for stable perovskite solar cells with 23.5% efficiency. Adv. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/ADMA.201907757
Boyd, C.C., Cheacharoen, R., Leijtens, T., McGehee, M.D.: Understanding degradation mechanisms and improving stability of perovskite photovoltaics. Chem. Rev. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00336
Jin, L., Liu, T., Wang, C.: Ionic gel electrolytes composite with SiO2 nanoparticles for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Appl. Phys. A (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0131-7
Boonmongkolras, P., Naqvi, S.D.H., Kim, D., Pae, S.R., Kim, M.K., Ahn, S., Shin, B.: Universal passivation strategy for the hole transport layer/perovskite interface via an alkali treatment for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Solar RRL. 5, 2000793 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000793
Li, S., Lu, H., Kan, Z., Zhu, L., Wu, F.: Engineering of P3CT-Na through diprophylline treatment to realize efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Chem. Eng. J. 419, 129581 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129581
Li, M., Ma, S., Mateen, M., Liu, X., Ding, Y., Gao, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Dai, S.: Facile donor (D)-π-D triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials with different π-linker for perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy 195, 618–625 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.11.071
Min, C.D.Z., He, F., Wang, D., Yang, C., Fan, G.: Efficient carbon-based inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells with P3HT hole transport layers. Aerosp. Shanghai. 37, 98–103 (2020). https://doi.org/10.19328/j.cnki.1006
Jin, J., Yang, M., Deng, W., Xin, J., Tai, Q., Qian, J., Dong, B., Li, W., Wang, J., Li, J.: Highly efficient and stable carbon-based perovskite solar cells with the polymer hole transport layer. Sol. Energy 220, 491–497 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.081
Ouyang, D., Chen, C., Huang, Z., Zhu, L., Yan, Y., Choy, W.C.H.: Hybrid 3D nanostructure-based hole transport layer for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 16611–16619 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c21064
Saranin, D., Komaricheva, T., Luchnikov, L., Muratov, D.S., Le, T.S., Karpov, Y., Gostishchev, P., Yurchuk, S., Kuznetsov, D., Didenko, S., di Carlo, A.: Hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells with compact and nanoparticle NiO for indoor application. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 227, 111095 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111095
Schloemer, T.H., Raiford, J.A., Gehan, T.S., Moot, T., Nanayakkara, S., Harvey, S.P., Bramante, R.C., Dunfield, S., Louks, A.E., Maughan, A.E., Bliss, L., McGehee, M.D., van Hest, M.F.A.M., Reese, M.O., Bent, S.F., Berry, J.J., Luther, J.M., Sellinger, A.: The molybdenum oxide interface limits the high-temperature operational stability of unencapsulated perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett. 5, 2349–2360 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01023
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jin, L., Su, C., Wang, Y. et al. The recent process and future of perovskite solar cells materials. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 102, 235–249 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-021-01126-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-021-01126-x