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Analytical applications of nano-baskets of calix[4]pyrroles

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Abstract

Calix[4]pyrrole is one such class which holds a great promise in the fields of sensors and their unique behavior as sensors owes to its structural flexibility. Anion binding ability of calix[4]pyrrole has been modified in a variety of ways. Introduction of electron releasing and electron withdrawing groups at the meso position or at β-pyrrolic positions leads to calix[4]pyrrole with deep cavities and fixed walls which shows increased selectivity and modified binding effects. Strapping of calix[4]pyrrole is another way to modify its structural behavior which is responsible for its binding behavior. Choice of strap could play a profound role not only in increasing the intrinsic anion binding affinity of calix[4] pyrrole, but also in modulating the receptor anion stoichiometry, thereby modifying potentially the inherent anion binding selectivity. Calix[n]pyrroles with extended cavities have also been synthesized. Such as calix[3]bipyrrole binds bromide substantially with high affinity than calix[4]pyrrole. Calix[4]pyrrole has also been used to produce anion sensors that can report the presence of anion by means of a color change. The medium effect on the complexation of calix[4]pyrrole and anion has been investigated in various solvents. Calix[4]pyrrole has also been used to increase the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte by anion complexation of the metal salt. Calix[4]pyrrole has been used to obtain optical sensors using surface plasmon resonance technique. Composite films of cellulose acetate containing calix[4]pyrrole has also been reported which has potential usage in packaging, storage and preservation. In nut shell, calix[4]pyrrole can be modified in a variety of ways to form versatile sensors which can be used in variety of ways in various areas.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Islamic Azad University (Shahreza branch) and Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council.

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  1. Razi Chemistry Research Center (RCRC), Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran

    Bahram Mokhtari & Kobra Pourabdollah

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Mokhtari, B., Pourabdollah, K. Analytical applications of nano-baskets of calix[4]pyrroles. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 77, 23–31 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-012-0284-8

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