Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular complexes of aspirin with humic acid extracted from shilajit and their characterization

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aspirin possesses antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-aggregatory activity. The acetylsalicylic acid molecule has a carboxyl group and an ester group. The ester group can be easily hydrolyzed, which reduces the medicinal value and causes side effects on humans. The aim of the present study was to prepare solid complexes between aspirin and humic by lyophilization and solvent evaporation technique in the molar ratio 1:1 and 1:2. Molecular interaction between aspirin and humic acid were studied by DSC, XRD, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy. This technique clearly demonstrated the existence of solid inclusion complex formation. The lyophilized complex in the molar ratio 1:2 showed enhanced stability and dissolution rates of aspirin significantly. A highly significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory action of the treatment of optimized freeze dried (1:2) aspirin complex with humic acid was evidenced by inhibition of rat paw edema and anti-ulcerogenic action was measured by lowest score (0.63 ± 0.10) with significant reduction in ulceration as compared to aspirin alone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Frawley, D., Lad, V.: The Yoga of Herbs, 2nd edn, p. 250. Lotus Press, Twin Lakes (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chopra, R.A., Chopra, I.C., Handa, K.L.: Indigenous Drugs of India, pp. 457–461. U.N. Dhar and Sons, Calcutta (1958)

  3. Ghosal, S.: Shilalit: its origin and significance. Indian J. Indig. Med. 9, 1–3 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Agarwal, S.P., Aqil, M., Anwer, M.K.: Enhancement of the dissolution and diuretic effect of furosemide through a novel complexation with humic acid extracted from shilajit. Asian J. Chem. 19, 4711–4718 (2007)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Khanna, R., Witt, M., Anwer, M.K., Agarwal, S.P., Koch, B.P.: Spectroscopic characterization of fulvic acids extracted from the rock exudate shilajit. Org. Geochem. 39, 1719–1724 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ghosal, S.: Shilajit in Perspective, pp. 1–8. Narosa Publishing, New Delhi (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Agarwal, S.P., Khanna, R., Karmarkar, R., Anwer, M.K., Khar, R.: Shilajit: A Review. Phytother. Res. 21, 401–405 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ghosal, S., Singh, S.K., Kumar, Y., Srivastava, R.S., Goel, R.K., Dey, R., Bhattacharya, S.K.: Shilajit: Part 3. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of fulvic acids and 4-methoxy-6-carbomethoxybiphenyl isolated from shilajit. Phytother. Res. 2, 187–191 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ghosal, S., Singh, S.K., Srivastava, R.S.: Shilajit: Part 2. Biphenyl metabolites from Trifolium repens. J. Chem. Res. 5, 196–197 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ghosal, S.: Delivery system for pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic ingredients. US Patent 6,558,712, 2003

  11. Agarwal, S.P., Aqil, M., Anwer, M.K.: Complexation of furosemide with fulvic acid extracted from shilajit: a novel approach. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 34, 506–511 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Khanna, R.: Bioenhancers from natural sources. Ph.D Thesis, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi (2006)

  13. Karmarkar, R.R.: New bioavailability enhancers from natural sources. Ph.D Thesis, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi (2007)

  14. Chang, R.K., Whitworth, C.W.: Aspirin degradation in mixed polar solvents. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 10, 515–526 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gore, A.Y., Maik, K.B., Kildsig, D.O., Peck, G.E., Smolen, V.F., Banker, G.S.: Significance of salicylic acid sublimation in stability testing of aspirin-containing solids. J. Pharm. Sci. 57, 1850–1854 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mario, E., Gerraughty, R.J.: Effect of ultrasound energy on hydrolysis of aspirin. J. Pharm. Sci. 54, 321–323 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ghosal, S.: In: Vohara, S.B., Dandiya, P.C. (eds.) Research and Development of Indigenous Drugs, pp. 72–80. Institute of History of Medicine and Medical Research, New Delhi (1989)

  18. Choi, H.S.: Molecular inclusion complexes: cyclodextrins and benzaldehyde; cyclodextrins and acetylsalicylic acid. Ph.D Thesis, Purdue University, WL, IN, USA (1989)

  19. Shay, H., Komarow, S.A., Fels, S.S., Meranze, D., Gruenstein, M., Siplet, H.A.: Simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in the rat. Gastroenterology 5, 43 (1945)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Takagi, K., Okabe, S.: Prevention of gastric lesions. US Patent 3,988,466, 1976

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Md. Khalid Anwer, Suraj P. Agarwal, Asgar Ali & Yasmin Sultana

  2. College of Pharmacy in Al-kharj, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Md. Khalid Anwer

Authors
  1. Md. Khalid Anwer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suraj P. Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asgar Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yasmin Sultana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md. Khalid Anwer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anwer, M.K., Agarwal, S.P., Ali, A. et al. Molecular complexes of aspirin with humic acid extracted from shilajit and their characterization. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 67, 209–215 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-009-9699-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-009-9699-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation