Skip to main content
Log in

Obtaining Shape from Scanning Electron Microscope using Hopfield Neural Network

  • Published:
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the environment of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), it is necessary to establish the technology of recovering the 3D shape of a target object from the observed 2D shading image. SEM has the function to rotate the object stand to some extent. This paper uses this principle and proposes a new method to recover the object shape using two shading images taken during the rotation. The proposed method uses the optimization of the energy function using Hopfield neural network, which is based on the standard regularization theory. It is also important to give the initial vector that is close to the true optimal solution vector. Computer simulation evaluates the essential ability of the proposed method. Further, the real experiments for the SEM images are also demonstrated and discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • J. J. Hopfield D. W. Tank (1985) ArticleTitle“Neural” computation of decisions in optimization problems Biological Cybernetics 52 141–152 Occurrence Handle4027280

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horn B. K. P. (1975). Obtaining shape from shading in formation, in The Psychology of Computer Vision. P. H. Winston, (ed.), McGrawHill, pp. 115–155.

  • B. K. P. Horn (1990) ArticleTitleHeight and gradient from shading International Journal of Computer Vision 5 IssueID1 584–595 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00056771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Ikeuchi B. K. P. Horn (1981) ArticleTitleNumerical shape from shading and occluding boundaries Artificial Intelligence 17 IssueID1–3 141–184 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0004-3702(81)90023-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwahori, Y., Watanabe, Y., Woodham, R. J. and Iwata, A. (2002). Self-calibration and neural network implementation of photometric stereo. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR2002), Vol. IV, pp. 359–362.

  • Y. Iwahori R. J. Woodham M. Ozaki H. Tanaka N. Ishii (1997) ArticleTitleNeural network based photometric stereo with a nearby rotational moving light source IEICE Trans. Inf. and Syst. E80-D IssueID9 948–957

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Laurentini (1995) ArticleTitleHow far 3D shapes can be understood from 2D Silhouettes IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 17 IssueID2 188–195 Occurrence Handle10.1109/34.368170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Lu J. Little (1999) ArticleTitleSurface reflectance and shape from images using a Collinear light source International Journal of Computer Vision 32 IssueID3 213–240 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1008157029424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Omata H. Saito S. Ozawa (2000) ArticleTitleEstimation of shape and reflectance property based on relative rotation of light source (in Japanese) Trans. of IEICE J83-D-II IssueID3 927–937

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Pentland (1990) ArticleTitleLinear shape from shading International Journal of Computer Vision 4 153–162 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00127815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Pentland (1991) ArticleTitlePhotometric motion IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 13 IssueID9 879–890 Occurrence Handle10.1109/34.93807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Sato K. Ikeuchi (1994) ArticleTitleTemporal-color space analysis of reflection Journal of Optical Society of America, A 11 IssueID11 2990–3002

    Google Scholar 

  • Y. Takefuji K. C. Lee (1990) ArticleTitleA super parallel sorting algorithm based on neural networks IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems CAS-37 1425–1429 Occurrence Handle10.1109/31.62417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Woodham (1980) ArticleTitlePhotometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images Optical Engineering 19 IssueID1 139–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodham, R. J. (1994). Gradient and curvature from the photometric stereo method, including local confidence estimation. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, 3050–3068.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuji Iwahori.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Iwahori, Y., Kawanaka, H., Fukui, S. et al. Obtaining Shape from Scanning Electron Microscope using Hopfield Neural Network. J Intell Manuf 16, 715–725 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-005-4374-y

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-005-4374-y

Keywords

Navigation