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Metals could challenge pollinator conservation in legacy cities

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Abstract

Metal contamination is a worldwide issue that is particularly present and ubiquitous in urban environments. Many pollinators, including species of bees, butterflies, and moths are found in heavily modified landscapes where they may be negatively affected by exposure to metal contamination. Increased efforts to convert vacant urban lands to habitat that benefits such communities necessitates a thorough understanding of the hazard and risks pollinators face in metal contaminated landscapes. This investigation revealed that bees and butterflies have complex species and population specific responses to metals. Exposure to these pollutants can have reproductive, immunological, behavioral, and developmental impacts. These include challenged reproductive efforts, longer developmental times, and elevated brood mortality for pollinators.

Implications for insect conservation

This review shows that pollinator conservation efforts are threatened if we fail to recognize the importance of metal exposure within contaminated landscapes. Bees and butterflies are exposed to metal concentrations in legacy cities that can cause reproductive, development, or behavioral impacts.

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Acknowledgements

We thank R. Lanno for providing feedback and edits on this article. S.B.S. was supported by a fellowship from the United States National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Sarah B. Scott, Megan E. Meuti & Mary M. Gardiner

  2. Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1465 Mount Vernon Ave, Marion, OH, 43302, USA

    Frances S. Sivakoff

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S.B.S. conducted the literature search. S.B.S. and M.M.G wrote the main manuscript text. M.M.G prepared figure 1. F.S.S prepared figure 2. S.B.S. prepared figures 3-5 and table 1 in the appendix. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Scott, S.B., Sivakoff, F.S., Meuti, M.E. et al. Metals could challenge pollinator conservation in legacy cities. J Insect Conserv 27, 361–375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-023-00474-y

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