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Does landscape management influence communities of Psyllopsis and natural enemies on the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)?

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Abstract

Sowing cover crops that supply food resources in landscapes is a potential habitat management practice for improving the biodiversity of arthropods in parks; however, little is known about their relative performance. In this study, the impact of landscape management was assessed on communities of Psyllopsis and natural enemies on the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) over two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) in the Shorabil park, Iran. Experimental treatments were cultivating of (1) red clover (C), Trifolium pratense L., (2) rosemary (R), Rosmarinus officinalis L., (3) ornamental cabbage (O), Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, and (4) grass (G), a composing of Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L., and Festuca rubra L. in 4:4:2 ratio, as cover crops around ash trees (A). Three psyllids: Psyllopsis repens Loginova, P. securicola Loginova, and P. machinosus Loginova were collected on ash trees. Which, P. repens with a relative abundance of 73.1–80.7% was the main Psyllopsis species on trees. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the population of Psyllopsis, the number of leaf-roll galls, and means of bud-cone-like structures per branch were seen in A-C and A-R plots compared with A-O and A-G treatments. The abundance of Psyllopsis predators per branch was higher in A-C plots than in the other three treatments. The greatest values of the Shannon diversity index (H΄ = 1.98 in 2019 and 1.94 in 2020) and the Pielou’s evenness index (J’ = 0.90 in 2019 and 0.88 in 2020) for Psyllopsis predators were recorded in A-C plots. The highest parasitism rate of Psyllopsis nymphs by Psyllaephagus claripes Trjapitzin, among treatments, was seen in A-C plots, 34.2% in 2019 and 29.4% in 2020. A higher abundance and diversity of enemies in the clover plots was perhaps due to supplying the appropriate habitat resources.

Implications for insect conservation

Cultivating clover around ash trees provides proper habitat for natural enemies that attract more beneficial insects in fragmented urban landscapes and support biodiversity and biological control services.

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Data availability

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to the Research Council at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, for financial support to conduct this study.

Funding

The research leading to these results received funding from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili under Grant Agreement No. 9-391.

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  1. Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

    Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi

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SAAF conceived the ideas and methodology, collected and analyzed the data, and led the writing of the manuscript for publication.

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Correspondence to Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi.

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Fathi, S.A.A. Does landscape management influence communities of Psyllopsis and natural enemies on the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)?. J Insect Conserv 27, 295–303 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-022-00454-8

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