Abstract
The Tiger Spiketail dragonfly (Cordulegaster erronea Hagen) is geographically restricted to the eastern half of North America, patchily distributed within the range and a habitat specialist of small spring and seepage fed headwater streams running through mature forest. These habitats are highly sensitive to disturbance and the Tiger Spiketail is of conservation concern throughout most of its range. Yet little is known about the habitat use of either sex away from the breeding stream hampering conservation strategies. In this study we use miniaturized radio transmitters to investigate the habitat use and home range of individual males and a female Tiger Spiketail in New Jersey. This is the first and only radio-telemetry for this species. We also provide recommendations for habitat protection and conservation. Our studies demonstrate that this species is critically dependent upon mature forest and the high quality, perennial headwater streams that run through them. These habitats are particularly sensitive to disturbance. Except when patrolling and ovipositing, both sexes are in the canopy above the breeding stream and in the adjacent mature forest, indicating the inseparable linkage between the aquatic and forested terrestrial habitat for this species. Our observations also suggest that C. erronea occurs in a metapopulation of nearby streams in our study area. Conservation of this species may therefore require forest protection far beyond the breeding stream. In New Jersey, and in other places throughout the range, there are many potential pressures on these habitats and current regulatory protections are not likely suitable. These same habitats may also be important for other Odonate species of conservation concern suggesting that protection of C. erronea may benefit a suite of species. We hope the information obtained from this study can assist resource managers in developing conservation and habitat protection measures.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.





References
Baird JM, May ML (1997) Foraging behavior of Pachydiplax longipennis (Odonata: Libellulidae). J Insect Behav 10:655–678
Bangma J (2006) NJODES: the dragonflies and damselflies of New Jersey. Tiger Spiketail species profile. http://www.njodes.com/Speciesaccts/spiketails/spik-tige.asp Accessed 30 Jun 2015
Barlow A (1995) On the status of Cordulegaster erronea Hagen in Selys, 1878 in the state of New Jersey. Argia 7(4):6–9
Barlow A (2000) Additions to the checklist of Odonata from New Jersey. Argia 12(3):21–25
Barlow A 2001. Second Annual Report of the New Jersey Odonata Survey including a state record and numerous county records. Argia 13(3):1–32
Boda R, Bereczki C, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Mauchart P, Pernecker B, Csabai Z (2015) Emergence behaviour of the red listed Balkan Goldenring (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) in Hungarian upstreams: vegetation structure affects the last steps of the larvae. J Insect Conserv 19:547–557
Burcher CL, Smock LA (2002) Habitat distribution, dietary composition, and life-history characteristics of Odonate nymphs in a blackwater coastal plain stream. Am Midl Nat 148:75–89
Corbet. PS 1999. Dragonflies: behaviour and ecology of Odonata. Harley Books, Las Vegas
Dolny A, Harabis F, Mizicova H (2014) Home range, movement, and distribution patterns of the threatened dragonfly Sympetrum depressiusculum (Odonata: Libellulidae): a thousand times greater territory to protect? PLoS ONE 9(7):e100408
Dubois G, Vignon V (2008) First results of radio-tracking of Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) in French chestnut orchards. Revue D Ecologie-La Terre Et La Vie 63:131–138
Ferreras-Romero M, Corbet PS (1999) The life cycle of Cordulegaster boltonii (Donovan, 1807) (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) in the Sierra Morena Mountains (southern Spain). Hydrobiologia 405:39–48
Fornoff F, Dechmann D. K. N., Wikelski M (2012) Observation of movement and activity via radio-telemetry reveals diurnal behaviour of the neotropical katydid Philophyllia ingens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Ecotropica 18:27–34
Gage M, Spivak A, Paradise C (2004) Effects of land use and disturbance on benthic insects in headwater streams draining small watersheds north of Charlotte, NC. Southeast Nat 3(2):45–358
Gibbs GW, McIntyre ME (1997) Abundance and future options for Wetapunga on Little Barrier Island. Department of Conservation, Wellington
Glotzhober B (2006) Life history studies of Cordulegaster erronea Hagen (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) in the laboratory and the field. Bull Am Odonatol 10:1–18
Hagen M, Wikelski M, Kissling W (2011) Space use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) revealed by radio-tracking. PLoS ONE 6(5):e19997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019997
Hager B, Kalantari N, Scholten VA. 2012. The distribution of Cordulegaster (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) nymphs in seeps and springs of Nelson Swamp (Madison County, NY). Northeast Nat Hist Conf 19(6):67–76
Hedin J, Ranius T (2002) Using radio telemetry to study dispersal of the beetle. Osmoderma eremita an inhabitant of tree hollows. Computer Electron Agric 35:171–180
Hedin J, Ranius T, Nilsson SG, Smith HG (2008) Restricted dispersal in a flying beetle assessed by telemetry. Biodivers Conserv 17:675–684
Hornbeck JW, Pierce RS, Federer CA (1970) Streamflow changes after forest clearing in New England. Water Resour Res 6(4):1124–1132
Howard TG, Schlesinger MD (2012) PATHWAYS: Wildlife habitat connectivity in the changing climate of the Hudson Valley. New York Natural Heritage Program, Albany
Jia CY, Wei CY (2012) Radio Tracking of Large Odonata species in Forest Fragments in Singapore. Little Green Dot Student Research Grant Project Report. Submitted to Nature Society, Singapore
Kelly CD, Bussiere LF, Gwynne DT (2008) Sexual selection for male mobility in a giant insect with female-biased size dimorphism. Am Nat 172:417–423
Kenward R (1987) Wildlife radio tagging: equipment, field techniques and data analysis. Academic Press, London
Kissling WD, Pattemore DE, Hagen M (2014) Challenges and prospects in the telemetry of insects. Biol Rev 89:511–530
Levett S, Walls S (2011) Tracking the elusive life of the Emperor Dragonfly Anax imperator Leach. J Br Dragonfly Soc 27:59–68
Lorch PD, Sword GA, Gwynne DT, Anderson GL (2005) Radiotelemetry reveals differences in individual movement patterns between outbreak and non-outbreak Mormon cricket populations. Ecol Entomol 30:548–555
Lotek Undated: Radio-tracking an Emperor Dragonfly (Anax imperator) (2015). http://www.lotek.com/radio-tracking-an-emperor-dragonfly.htm
Marczak LB, Richardson JS, Classen MC (2006) Life-history phenology and sediment size association of the dragonfly Cordulegaster dorsalis (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) in an ephemeral habitat in southwestern British Columbia. Can Field Nat 120(3):347–350
Müller H (2000) Untersuchungen zu Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979 und C. bidentata Selys, 1843 Teil I: Imagines. Anax 3:19–22
Müller L, Waringer J (2001) Larval habitats and longitudinal distribution patterns of Cordulegaster heros Theischinger and C. bidentata Sélys in an Austrian forest stream (Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae). Odonatologica 30(4):395–409
NatureServe (2012) NatureServe Explorer: an online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed 5 Dec 2012
Needham JG, Westfall MJ Jr, May ML (2000) Dragonflies of North America, Revised edn. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville
Negro M, Casale A, Migliore L, Palestrini C, Rolando A (2008) Habitat use and movement patterns in the endangered ground beetle species, Carabus olympiae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Eur J Entomol 105:105–112
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) (2015) Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM), Bureau of Geographic Information Systems (BGIS)
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) (2016) DataMiner. http://www.nj.gov/dep/opra/online.html
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM), Bureau of Geographic Information Systems (BGIS) (2015). Land Use/Land Cover 2012 UpdateNew Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife (NJDFW) (2012) New Jersey Landscape Project, Version 3.1.New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. Appendix II, Species Occurrence Area Justifications Tiger Spiketail Cordulegaster erronea
New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP) (2009) Element distribution model, model variation, and environmental variable importance for Cordulegaster erronea. New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP), Albany
New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP) (2012) Tiger spiketail (Cordulegaster erronea). Species Accounts, Distributional Maps and Phenology Charts. http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish_marine_pdf/nyddsfinalreportpt7.pdf. Accessed 5 Dec 2012
New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP) (2013) Online Conservation Guide for Cordulegaster erronea. http://www.acris.nynhp.org/guide.php?id=8179. Accessed 19 Oct 2015
Olcott S (2011) Final Report for the West Virginia Dragonfly and Damselfly Atlas. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section, South Charleston
Pasquet RS, Peltier A, Hufford MB, Oudin E, Saulnier J (2008) Long-distance pollen flow assessment through evaluation of pollinator foraging range suggests transgene escape distances. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:13456–13461
Paulson DR, Dunkle SW. 2009. A checklist of North American Odonata including English name, etymology, type locality, and distribution. Originally published as Occasional Paper No. 56, Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, June 1999; completely revised 2012. http://www.odonatacentral.org/docs/NA_Odonata_Checklist_2012.pdf
Polcyn DM (1994) Thermoregulation during summer activity in Mojave Desert dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera). Funct Ecol 8:441–449
Riecken U, Raths U (1996). Use of radio telemetry for studying dispersal and habitat use of Carabus coriaceus L. Ann Zool Fennici 33:109–116
Rink M, Sinsch U (2007) Radio-telemetric monitoring of dispersing stag beetles: implications for conservation. J Zool 272:235–243
Rivera AC (2006) Forest And Dragonflies: 4th WDA Symposium of Odonatology, Pontevedra, Spain, July 2005 (Faunistica) (Pensoft Series Faunistica). Pensoft Publishers. Sofia
Robichaud B, Buell MF (1973) Vegetation of New Jersey. Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick
Sprecher-Uebersax E, Durrer H (2001) Verhaltensstudien über den Hirschkäfer Lucanus cervus L. mit Hilfe der Telemetrie und Videobeobachtung. Mitteilungen Naturforschende Gesellschaften beider Basel 5:161–182
Stevenson DJ, Beaton G, Elliott MJ (2009) Distribution, status, and ecology of Cordulegaster sayi Selys in Georgia, USA (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Bull Am Odonatol 11:20–25
Stringer I. A. N., Chappell R (2008) Possible rescue from extinction: transfer of a rare New Zealand tusked weta to islands in the Mercury group. J Insect Conserv 12:371–382
Svensson GP, Sahlin U, Brage B, Larsson MC (2011) Should I stay or should I go? Modelling dispersal strategies in saproxylic insects based on pheromone capture and radio telemetry a case study on the threatened hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita. Biodivers Conserv 20:2883–2902
Swift LW, Messer JB (1971) Forest cuttings raise temperatures of small streams in the southern Appalachians. J Soil Water Conserv 26(3):111–116
Sword GA, Lorch PD, Gwynne DT (2008) Radiotelemetric analysis of the effects of prevailing wind direction on Mormon cricket migratory band movement. Environ Entomol 37:889–896
Thornton KW, Holbrook SP, Stolte KL, Landy RB (2000) Effects of forest management practices on mid-Atlantic streams. Environ Monit Assess 63:31–41
United States Census Bureau (USCB) (2015) http://www.census.gov/
USDA, NRCS (2013) SSURGO Database for Morris County, NJ
Wakeling JM, Ellington C (1997) Dragonfly flight. 2. Velocities, accelerations and kinematics of flapping flight. J Exp Biol 200:557–582
Walker EM (1958) The odonata of Canada and Alaska, vol 2. University Toronto Press, Toronto, 318 pp
Watts C, Thornburrow D (2011) Habitat use, behavior and movement patterns of a threatened New Zealand giant weta, Deinacrida heteracantha (Anostostomatidae: Orthoptera). J Orthopt Res 20:127–135
Watts C, Empson R, Thornburrow D, Rohan M (2012) Movements, behaviour and survival of adult Cook Strait giant weta (Deinacrida rugosa; Anostostomatidae: Orthoptera) immediately after translocation as revealed by radiotracking. J Insect Conserv 16:763–776
White GC, Garrott RA (1990) Analysis of wildlife radio-tracking data. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego
White EL, Hunt PD, Schlesinger MD, Corser JD, deMaynadier PG (2015) Prioritizing Odonata for conservation action in the northeastern USA. Freshw Sci 34(3):1079–1093
Wikelski M, Moskowitz D, Adelman J, Cochran J, Wilcove D, May M (2006) Simple rules guide dragonfly migration. Biol Lett 2(3):325–329
Wikelski M, Moxley C, Eaton-Mordas J, Lopez-Uribe A, Margarita M, Holland R, Moskowitz D, Roubik DW, Kays R (2010) Large-range movements of neotropical orchid bees observed via radio telemetry. PLoS ONE 5(5):e10738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010738
Acknowledgements
We thank EcolSciences, Inc. for the time and resources to conduct this study and Dr. George Hamilton, Dr. Mark Robson and Dr. Martin Wikelski for their review of the manuscript. We also thank Joan Damerow and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that significantly improved this paper. We also thank the Schiff Natural Lands Trust for providing access to study their Tiger Spiketails.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moskowitz, D., May, M. Adult tiger spiketail (Cordulegaster erronea Hagen) habitat use and home range observed via radio-telemetry with conservation recommendations. J Insect Conserv 21, 885–895 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0027-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0027-7