Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography: anatomic fundamentals

  • Published:
Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to lack of appropriate anatomic visualization using fluoroscopy, radiological scans such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are increasingly used to provide detailed anatomy of cardiac structures. Furthermore, these imaging modalities are now being used to integrate images with other modalities to navigate catheters in real time on the detailed depicted anatomy. This review details the anatomic fundamentals of these modalities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Luenberger, D. G. (2005). Linear and nonlinear programming (2nd ed.). Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Higgins, C. B., & de Roos, A. (Eds.). (2006). MRI and CT of the cardiovascular system (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hajnal, J. V., Hill, D. L. G., & Hawkes, D. J. (Eds.). (2001). Medical image registration (pp. 1–70). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Schwartzman, D., Lacomis, J., & Wigginton, W. G. (2003). Characterization of left atrium and distal pulmonary vein morphology using multidimensional computed tomography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(8), 1349–1357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kato, R., Lickfett, L., Meininger, G., Dickfeld, T., Wu, R., Juang, G., et al. (2003). Pulmonary vein anatomy in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: lessons learned by use of magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 107(15), 2004–2010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Reeder, S. B., & Faranesh, A. Z. (2000). Ultrafast pulse sequence techniques for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 11(6), 312–330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hendel, R. C., Berman, D. S., Di Carli, M. F., Heidenreich, P. A., Henkin, R. E., Pellikka, P. A., et al. (2009). ACCF/ASNC/ACR/AHA/ASE/SCCT/SCMR/SNM 2009 appropriate use criteria for cardiac radionuclide imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the American College of Radiology, the American Heart Association, the American Society of Echocardiography, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Circulation, 119(22), e561–e587.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brindis, R. G., Douglas, P. S., Hendel, R. C., Peterson, E. D., Wolk, M. J., Allen, J. M., et al. (2005). ACCF/ASNC appropriateness criteria for single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Strategic Direction Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(8), 1587–1605.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Liou, S. P., & Jain, R. C. (1991). An approach to three-dimensional image segmentation. CVGIP: Image Understanding, 53(3), 237–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Justice, R. K., Stokely, E. M., Strobel, J. S., Ideker, R. E., & Smith, W. M. (1997). Medical image segmentation using 3D seeded region growing. Proceedings of SPIE, 3034(2), 900–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sra, J., Krum, D., Malloy, A., Vass, M., Belanger, B., Soubelet, E., et al. (2005). Registration of three-dimensional left atrial computed tomographic images with projection images obtained using fluoroscopy. Circulation, 112(24), 3763–3768.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ector, J., De Buck, S., Adams, J., Dymarkowski, S., Bogaert, J., Maes, F., et al. (2005). Cardiac three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and fluoroscopy merging: a new approach for electroanatomic mapping to assist catheter ablation. Circulation, 112(24), 3769–3776.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dong, J., Calkins, H., Solomon, S. B., Lai, S., Dalal, D., Lardo, A. C., et al. (2006). Integrated electroanatomic mapping with three-dimensional computed tomographic images for real-time guided ablations. Circulation, 113(2), 186–194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lardo, A. C., Cordeiro, M. A., Silva, C., Amado, L. C., George, R. T., Saliaris, A. P., et al. (2006). Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography viability imaging after myocardial infarction: characterization of myocyte death, microvascular obstruction, and chronic scar. Circulation, 113(3), 394–404.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yan, A. T., Shayne, A. J., Brown, K. A., Gupta, S. N., Chan, C. W., Luu, T. M., et al. (2006). Characterization of the peri-infarct zone by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful predictor of post-myocardial infarction mortality. Circulation, 114(1), 32–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nazarian, S., Bluemke, D. A., Lardo, A. C., Zviman, M. M., Watkins, S. P., Dickfeld, T. L., et al. (2005). Magnetic resonance assessment of the substrate for inducible ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 112(18), 2821–2825.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rhode, K. S., Sermesant, M., Brogan, D., Hegde, S., Hipwell, J., Lambiase, P., et al. (2005). A system for real time XMR-guided cardiovascular intervention. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 24(11), 1428–1440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Dickfeld, T., Calkins, H., Zviman, M., Kato, R., Meininger, G., Lickfett, L., et al. (2003). Anatomic stereotactic catheter ablation on three-dimensional magnetic resonance images in real time. Circulation, 108(19), 2407–2413.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to gratefully acknowledge Barbara Danek, Joe Grundle, and Katie Klein for the editorial preparation of the manuscript and Brian Miller and Brian Schurrer for their help in preparing illustrations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrophysiology, Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Pkwy., Suite #777, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA

    Jasbir S. Sra

Authors
  1. Jasbir S. Sra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jasbir S. Sra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sra, J.S. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography: anatomic fundamentals. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 31, 39–46 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-011-9563-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-011-9563-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation